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The roles of epicardial adipose tissue in heart failure

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Abstract

Heart failure is a growing health problem resulting in the decreased life expectancy of patients and severely increased the healthcare burden. Penetrating research on the pathogenesis and regulation mechanism of heart failure is important for treatment of heart failure. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been demonstrated as not only a dynamic organ with biological functions but also an inert lipid store with regulating systemic metabolism. EAT mediates physiological and pathophysiological processes of heart failure by regulating adipogenesis, cardiac remodeling, insulin resistance, cardiac output, and renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Moreover, EAT secretes a wide range of adipokines, adrenomedullin, adiponectin, and miRNAs through paracrine, endocrine, and vasocrine pathways, which involve in various extracellular and intracellular mechanism of cardiac-related cells in the progress of cardiovascular disease especially in heart failure. Nevertheless, mechanisms and roles of EAT on heart failure are barely summarized. Understanding the regulating mechanisms of EAT on heart failure may give rise to novel therapeutic targets and will open up innovative strategies to myocardial injury as well as in heart failure.

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Abbreviations

EAT:

Epicardial adipose tissue

RAAS:

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

WAT:

White adipose tissue

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

FFA:

Free fatty acid

LV:

Left ventricle

BMI:

Body mass index

HFpEF:

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

HFrEF:

Heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

AM:

Adrenomedullin

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

NO:

Nitric oxide

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

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Funding

This study was supported by a Joint Fund for Science and Technology Cooperation across the Taiwan Straits from the National Natural Science Foundation and Fujian Province, China (Grant No. U1605226), and a Science and Technology Project from Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau, Fujian Province, China (Grant No. 3502Z20184025).

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  1. Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian, China

    Ying Song, Fei Song, Chan Wu, Yi-Xiang Hong & Gang Li

  2. Xiamen Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian, China

    Ying Song

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Song, Y., Song, F., Wu, C. et al. The roles of epicardial adipose tissue in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 27, 369–377 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-020-09997-x

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