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Neurohormones, inflammatory mediators, and cardiovascular injury in the setting of heart failure

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Abstract

Neurohormones and inflammatory mediators have effects in both the heart and the peripheral vasculature. In patients with heart failure (HF), neurohormonal activation and increased levels of inflammatory mediators promote ventricular remodeling and development of HF, as well as vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness. These processes may lead to a vicious cycle, whereby arterial stiffness perpetuates further ventricular remodeling leading to exacerbation of symptoms. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of HF, currently available treatment strategies slow, but do not halt, this cycle. The current treatment for HF patients involves the inhibition of neurohormonal activation, which can reduce morbidity and mortality related to this condition. Beyond benefits associated with neurohormonal blockade, other strategies have focused on inhibition of inflammatory pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HF. Unfortunately, attempts to target inflammation have not yet been successful to improve prognosis of HF. Further work is required to interrupt key maladaptive mechanisms involved in disease progression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S, Canada

    Liza Grosman-Rimon & Vivek Rao

  2. Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S, Canada

    Filio Billia

  3. Technion American Medical School, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, St. Bat Galim,, Haifa, Israel

    Evan Wright

  4. Cardiovascular Department and Research Center of Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, NY, 10010, USA

    Shemy Carasso, Gabby Elbaz-Greener & Erez Kachel

  5. Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S, Canada

    David Cherney

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Grosman-Rimon, L., Billia, F., Wright, E. et al. Neurohormones, inflammatory mediators, and cardiovascular injury in the setting of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 25, 685–701 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-019-09860-8

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