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Prognostic role of transthoracic echocardiography in patients affected by heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

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Abstract

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is a common and malignant condition, which recognizes a lot of causes and that carries a poor long-term prognosis. All patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, both asymptomatic and symptomatic, should be evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography as a depth analysis of first level, due to its characteristics of accuracy, availability, safety and low costs. In fact, echocardiography is an essential tool to establish not only the diagnosis, but also the aetiology and the understanding pathophysiology of heart failure. Moreover, by the new more sensitive and more specific echocardiographic technologies, such as tissue Doppler imaging or strain rate or speckle tracking or three-dimensional echocardiography, it is possible to identify other recognized high-risk parameters associated with adverse outcome, which are useful to guide therapy and follow-up management of heart failure patients. Therefore, this review would underline the prognostic role of some echocardiographic parameters in the evaluation and management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.

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  1. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Maria Prastaro, Carmen D’Amore, Stefania Paolillo, Mariangela Losi, Caterina Marciano, Cinzia Perrino, Donatella Ruggiero, Gianluigi Savarese, Bruno Trimarco & Pasquale Perrone Filardi

  2. Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, SDN Foundation, 80129, Naples, Italy

    Paola Gargiulo

  3. Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Gianluigi Savarese

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  1. Maria Prastaro
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Prastaro, M., D’Amore, C., Paolillo, S. et al. Prognostic role of transthoracic echocardiography in patients affected by heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 20, 305–316 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-014-9461-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-014-9461-8

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