Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for ischemic heart failure: should we use it?

  • Published:
Heart Failure Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine usually used in the treatment of patients with cancer. Studies have shown regenerative properties of bone marrow stem cell mobilization due to G-CSF in animals. Moreover, others effects related to G-CSF and independent of tissue regeneration were shown to be protective. As a result, this cytokine has been tested as a therapy for ischemic heart failure in humans. However, when this treatment was evaluated in clinical trials, the beneficial effects seen in small animals were not confirmed in infarcted patients. Thus, we sought to review the effects of G-CSF after an ischemic insult and on the progression of heart failure in animals and humans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Velazquez EJ, Francis GS, Armstrong PW, Aylward PE, Diaz R, O’Connor CM, White HD, Henis M, Rittenhouse LM, Kilaru R, van Gilst W, Ertl G, Maggioni AP, Spac J, Weaver WD, Rouleau JL, McMurray JJV, Pfeffer MA, Califf RM (2004) An international perspective on heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction complicating myocardial infarction: the VALIANT registry. Eur Heart J 25:1911–1919

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu L (2010) Changes in cardiovascular hospitalization and comorbidity of heart failure in the United States: findings from the National Hospital Discharge Surveys 1980–2006. Int J Cardiol (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.037

  3. Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lloyd-Jones D, McDermott M, Meigs J, Moy C, Nichol G, O’Donnell CJ, Roger V, Rumsfeld J, Sorlie P, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Hong Y (2007) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 update. A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 115:e69–e171

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Nicola NA, Metcalf D, Matsumoto M, Johnson GR (1983) Purification of a factor inducing differentiation in murine myelomonocytic leukemia cells. Identification as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J Biol Chem 258:9017–9023

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nicola NA (1987) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and differentiation-induction in myeloid leukemic cells. Int J Cell Cloning 5:1–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Basu S, Jodgson G, Katz M, Dunn AR (2002) Evaluation of role of G-CSF in the production, survival, and release of neutrophils from bone marrow into circulation. Blood 100:854–861

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Schwarzmeier JD (1996) The role of cytokines in haematopoiesis. Eur J Haematol Suppl 60:69–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lenhoff S, Rosberg B, Olofsson T (1999) Granulocyte interactions with GM-CSF and GCSF secretion by endothelial cells and monocytes. Eur Cytokine Netw 10:525–532

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fibbe WE, Van Damme J, Billiau A, Duinkeerken N, Lurvink E, Ralph P, Altrock BW, Kaushansky K, Willemze R, Falkenburg JH (1988) Human fibroblasts produce granulocyte-CSF, macrophage-CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF following stimulating by interleukin-1 and poly(rI).poly(rC). Blood 72:860–866

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Vandervelde S, Van Luyn MJA, Rozenbaum MH, Petersen AH, Tio RA, Harmsen MC (2007) Stem cell-related cardiac gene expression early after murine myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 73:783–793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Avalos BR (1998) The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor and its role in disorders of granulopoiesis. Leuk Lymphoma 28:265–273

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Srinivas G, Anversa P, Frishman WH (2009) Cytokines and myocardial regeneration. A novel treatment option for acute myocardial infarction. Cardiol Rev 17:1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Avalos BR (1996) Molecular analysis of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. Blood 88:761–777

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Müller-Ehmsen J, Kedes LH, Schwinger RH, Kloner RA (2002) Cellular cardiomyoplasty: a novel approach to treat heart disease. Congest Heart Fail 8:220–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yoon YS, Lee N, Scandova H (2005) Myocardial regeneration with bone-marrow-derived stem cells. Biol Cell 97:253–263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Jakoniuk I, Anderson SM, Li B, Pickel J, Mckay R, Ginard BN, Bodine DM, Leri A, Anversa P (2001) Bone marrow cells regenerate infracted myocardium. Nature 410:701–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Olivares EL, Ribeiro VP, Werneck-de-Castro JPS, Ribeiro KC, Mattos EC, Goldenberg RCS, Mill JG, Dohmann HF, dos Santos RR, Carvalho ACC, Masuda MO (2004) Bone marrow stromal cells improve cardiac performance in healed infarcted rat heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287:464–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Limana F, Jakoniuk I, Quaini F, Ginard BN, Bodine DM, Leri A, Anversa P (2001) Mobilized bone marrow cells repair the infarcted heart, improving function and survival. Proc Nat Acad Sci 98:10344–10349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dawn B, Guo Y, Rezazadeh A, Huang Y, Stein AB, Hunt G, Tiwari S, Varma J, Gu Y, Prabhu SD, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Ildstad ST, Bolli R (2006) Postinfarct cytokine therapy regenerates cardiac tissue and improves left ventricular function. Circ Res 98:1098–1105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Deten A, Volz HC, Clamors S, Leiblein S, Briest W, Marx G, Zimmer HG (2005) Hematopoietic stem cells do not repair the infarcted mouse heart. Cardiovasc Res 65:52–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Werneck-de-Castro JPS, Costa-e-Sousa RH, Oliveira PF, Pinho-Ribeiro V, Mello DB, Peçanha R, Mattos E, Olivares EL, Maia ACV, Mill JG, Goldenberg RCS, Campos-de-Carvalho AC (2006) G-CSF does not improve systolic function in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Bas Res Cardiol 101:494–501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Minatoguchi S, Takemura G, Chen XH, Wang N, Uno Y, Koda M, Arai M, Misao Y, Lu C, Suzuki K, Goto K, Komada A, Takahashi T, Kosai K, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H (2004) Acceleration of the healing process and myocardial regeneration may be important as a mechanism of improvement of cardiac function and remodeling by postinfarction granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. Circulation 109:2572–2580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fukuhara S, Tomita S, Nakatani T, Yutani C, Kitamura S (2005) Endogenous bone-marrow-derived stem cells contribute only a small proportion of regenerated myocardium in the acute infarction model. J Heart Lung Transplant 24:67–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Miki T, Miura T, Nishino Y, Yano T, Sakamoto J, Nakamura Y, Ichikawa Y, Ikeda Y, Kobayashi H, Ura N, Shimamoto K (2004) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor/macrophage colony stimulating factor improves postinfarct ventricular function by suppression of border zone remodeling in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 31:873–882

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Sesti C, Hale SL, Lutzko C, Kloner RA (2005) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor improve contractile reserve of the infarcted left ventricle independent of restoring muscle mass. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:1662–1669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sugano Y, Anzai T, Yoshikawa T, Maekawa Y, Kohno T, Mahara K, Naito K, Ogawa S (2005) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates early ventricular expansion after experimental myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 65:446–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kanellakis P, Slater NJ, Du XJ, Bobik A, Curtis DJ (2006) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor improve endogenous repair after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 70:117–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ueda K, Takano H, Niitsuma Y, Qin Y, Ohtsuka M, Komuro I (2006) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor directly inhibits myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt-endothelial NO synthase pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:e108–e113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Adachi Y, Imagawa J, Suzuki Y, Yogo K, Fukazawa M, Kuromaru O, Saito Y (2004) G-CSF treatment increases side population cell infiltration after myocardial infarction in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 36:707–710

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Dai Y, Ashraf M, Zuo S, Uemura R, Dai YS, Wang Y, Haider HK, Li T, Xu M (2008) Mobilized bone marrow progenitor cells serve as donors of cytoprotective genes for cardiac repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol 44:607–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Roberts R, DeMello V, Sobel BE (1976) Deleterious effects of methylprednisolone in patients with myocardial infarction. Circulation 53:I204–I206

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sun M, Dawood F, Wen WH, Chen M, Dixon I, Kirshenbaum LA, Liu PP (2004) Excessive tumor necrosis factor activation after infarction contributes to susceptibility of myocardial rupture and left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 110:3221–3228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Trescher K, Bernecker O, Fellner B, Gyongyosi M, Schafer R, Aharinejad S, DeMartin R, Wolner E, Podesser BK (2006) Inflammation and postinfarct remodeling: overexpression of IkB prevents ventricular dilation via increasing TIMP levels. Cardiovasc Res 69:746–754

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Moro C, Jouan MG, Rakotovao A, Toufektsian MC, Ormezzano O, Magy N, Tosaki A, Leiris J, Boucher F (2007) Delayed expression of cytokines after reperfused myocardial infarction: possible trigger for cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293:3014–3019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Morales C, González GE, Rodríguez M, Bertolasi CA, Gelpi RJ (2002) Histopathologic time course of myocardial infarct in rabbit hearts. Cardiovasc Pathol 11:339–345

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lambert JM, Lopez EF, Lindsey ML (2008) Macrophage roles following myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 130:147–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Weisman HF, Bush DE, Mannisi JA, Weisfeldt ML, Healy B (1988) Cellular mechanism of myocardial infarct expansion. Circulation 78:186–201

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Tsuruda T, Costello-Boerrigter LC, Burnett JC Jr (2004) Matrix metalloproteinases: pathways of induction by bioactive molecules. Heart Fail Rev 9:53–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Fujita J, Mori M, Kawada H, Ieda Y, Tsuma M, Matsuzaki Y, Kawaguchi H, Yagi T, Yuasa S, Endo J, Hotta T, Ogawa S, Okano H, Yozu R, Ando K, Fukuda K (2007) Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after myocardial infarction enhances the recruitment of hematopoietic stem cell-derived myofibroblasts and contributes to cardiac repair. Stem Cells 25:2750–2759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Cheng Z, Ou L, Liu Y, Liu X, Li F, Sun B, Che Y, Kong D, Yu Y, Steinhoff G (2008) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exacerbates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction in a rat model of permanent occlusion. Cardiovasc Res 80:425–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Okada H, Takemura G, Li Y, Ohno T, Li L, Maruyama R, Esaki M, Miyata S, Kanamori H, Ogino A, Nakagawa M, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H (2008) Effect of a long-term treatment with a low-dose granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on post-infarction process in the heart. J Cell Mol Med 12:1272–1283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hasegawa H, Takano H, Iwanaga K, Ohtsuka M, Qin Y, Niitsuma Y, Ueda K, Toyoda T, Tadokoro H, Komuro I (2006) Cardioprotective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in swine with chronic myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:842–849

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Deindl E, Zaruba MM, Brunner S, Huber B, Mehl U, Assmann G, Hoefer IE, Mueller-Hoecker J, Franz WM (2006) G-CSF administration after myocardial infarction in mice attenuates late ischemic cardiomyopathy by enhanced arteriogenesis. FASEB J 20:27–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kuhlmann MT, Kirchhof P, Klocke R, Hasib L, Stypmann J, Fabritz L, Stelljes M, Tian W, Zwiener M, Mueller M, Kienast J, Breihardt G, Nikol S (2006) G-CSF/SCF reduces inducible arrhythmias in the infarcted heart potentially via increased connexin43 expression and arteriogenesis. J Exp Med 203:87–97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sato T, Suzuki H, Kusuyama T, Omori Y, Soda T, Tsunoda F, Shoji M, Iso Y, Koba S, Geshi E, Katagiri T, Kawachi K, Wakabayashi K, Takeyama Y (2007) G-CSF after myocardial infarction accelerates angiogenesis and reduces fibrosis in swine. Int J Cardiol 127:166–173

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Li Y, Takemura G, Okada H, Miyata S, Esaki M, Maruyama R, Kanamori H, Li L, Ogino A, Misao Y, Khai NC, Mikami A, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H (2006) Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ameliorates chronic heart failure. Lab Invest 86:32–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Louzada RA, Oliveira PF, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Cunha-Carvalho L, Baldanza MR, Kasai-Brunswick Th, Goldenberg RC, Campos-de-Carvalho AC, Werneck-de-Castro JP (2010) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment of chronic myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 24:121–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Haghighat A, Weiss D, Whalin MK, Cowan DP, Taylor R (2007) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor exacerbate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 115:2049–2054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kang HJ, Kim HS, Zhang SY, Park KW, Cho HJ, Koo BK, Kim YJ, Lee DS, Dw Sohn, Han KS, Oh BH, Lee MM, Park YB (2004) Effects of intracoronary infusion of peripheral blood stem-cells mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on left ventricular systolic function and restenosis after coronary stenting in myocardial infarction: the MAGIC cell randomized clinical trial. Lancet 363:751–756

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Steinwender C, Hofmann R, Kypta A, Gabriel C, Leisch F (2007) Late stent thrombosis after transcoronary transplantation of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells following primary percutaneous intervention for acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 122:248–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kajstura J, Cheng W, Reiss K, Clark WA, Sonnenblick EH, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Olivetti G, Anversa P (1996) Apoptotic and necrotic myocyte cell deaths are independent contributing variables of infarct size in rats. Lab Invest 74:86–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gao F, Tao L, Yan W, Liu HR, Lopez BL, Christopher TA, Ma XL (2004) Early antiapoptosis treatment reduces myocardial infarct size after a prolonged reperfusion. Apoptosis 9:553–559

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Palojoki E, Saraste A, Eriksson A, Pulkki K, Kallajoki M, Voipio-Pulkki LM, Tikkanen I (2001) Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280:H2726–H2731

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. van Raam BJ, Drewniak A, Groenewold V, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW (2008) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor delays neutrophil apoptosis by inhibition of calpains upstream of caspase-3. Blood 112:2046–2054

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Maianski NA, Mul FP, van Buul JD, Roos D, Kuijpers TW (2002) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor inhibits the mitochondria-dependent activation of caspase-3 in neutrophils. Blood 99:672–679

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Iwanaga K, Takano H, Ohtsuka M, Hasegawa H, Zou Y, Qin Y, Odaka K, Hiroshima K, Tadokoro H, Komuro I (2004) Effects of G-CSF on cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in swine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325:1353–1359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ohtsuka M, Takano H, Zou Y, Toko H, Akazawa H, Qin Y, Suzuki M, Hasegawa H, Nakaya H, Komuro I (2004) Cytokine therapy prevents left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction through neovascularization. FASEB J 18:851–853

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Hou XW, Son J, Wang Y, Ru YX, Lian Q, Majiti W, Amazouzi A, Zhou YL, Wang PX, Han ZC (2006) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improves cardiac function in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 20:85–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Harada M, Qin Y, Takano H, Minamino T, Zou Y, Toko H, Ohtsuka M, Matsuura K, Sano M, Nishi J, Iwanaga K, Akazawa H, Kunieda T, Zhu W, Hasegawa H, Kunisada K, Nagai T, Nakaya H, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Komuro I (2005) G-CSF prevents cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activation the Jak-Stat pathway in cardiomyocytes. Nat Med 11:305–311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Leenen HH, Yuan B (2001) Mortality after coronary artery occlusion in different models of cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Hypertension 37:209–215

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Kuwabara M, Kakinuma Y, Katare RG, Ando M, Yamasaki F, Doi Y, Sato T (2007) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor activates Wnt signal to sustain gap junction function through recruitment of β-catenin and cadherin. FEBS Lett 581:4821–4830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Baldo MP, Davel APC, Nicoletti-Carvalho JE, Bordin S, Rossoni LV, Mill JG (2008) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reduces mortality by suppressing ventricular arrhythmias in acute phase of myocardial infarction in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 52:375–380

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Takahama H, Minamino T, Hirata A, Ogai A, Asanuma H, Fujita M, Wakeno M, Tsukamoto O, Okada K, Komamura K, Takashima S, Shinozaki Y, Mori H, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M (2006) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mediates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway in canine hearts. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 20:159–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Lee TM, Chen CC, Chang NC (2009) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases sympathetic reinnervation and arrhythmogenic response to programmed electrical stimulating after myocardial infarction in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297:512–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Huttmann A, Duhrsen U, Stypmann J, Noppeney R, Nuckel H, Neumann T, Gutersohn A, Nikol S, Erbel R (2006) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced blood stem cell mobilization in patients with chronic heart failure. Feasibility, safety and effects on exercise tolerance and cardiac function. Basic Res Cardiol 101:78–86

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Takano H, Hasegawa H, Kuwabara Y, Nakayama T, Matsuno K, Miyazaki Y, Yamamoto M, Fujimoto Y, Okada H, Okubo S, Fujita M, Shindo S, Kobayashi Y, Komiyama N, Takekoshi N, Imai K, Himi T, Ishibashi I, Komuro I (2007) Feasibility and safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 122:41–47

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Valgimigli M, Rigolin GM, Cittanti C, Malagutti P, Curello S, Percoco G, Bugli AM, Porta MD, Bragotti LZ, Ansani L, Mauro E, Lanfranchi A, Giganti M, Feggi L, Castoldi G, Ferrari R (2005) Use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor during acute myocardial infarction to enhance bone marrow stem cell mobilization in humans: clinical and angiographic safety profile. Eur Heart J 26:1838–1845

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Ince H, Petzsch M, Kleine HD, Eckard H, Rehders T, Burska D, Kische S, Freund M, Nienaber CA (2005) Prevention of left ventricular remodeling with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after acute myocardial infarction. Final 1-year results of the front-integrated revascularization and stem cell liberation in evolving acute myocardial infarction by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (FIRSTILINE-AMI) trial. Circulation 112:73–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Leone AM, Galiuto L, Garramone B, Rutella S, Giannico B, Brugaletta S, Perfetti M, Liuzzo G, Porto I, Burzotta F, Niccoli G, Biasucci LM, Leone G, Rebuzzi AG, Crea F (2007) Usefulness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with large anterior wall acute myocardial infarction to prevent left ventricular remodeling (the Rigenera study). Am J Cardiol 100:397–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kuethe F, Krack A, Fritzenwanger M, Herzau M, Opfermann T, Pachmann K, Sayer HG, Werner GS, Gottschild D, Figulla HR (2006) Treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Evidence for a stimulation of neovascularization and improvement of myocardial perfusion. Pharmazie 61:957–961

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Suzuki K, Nagashima K, Arai M, Uno Y, Misao Y, Takemura G, Nishigaki K, Minatoguchi S, Watanabe S, Tei C, Fujiwara H (2006) Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment at a low dose but for a long duration in patients with coronary heart disease. Circ J 70:430–437

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Zohlnhofer D, Ott I, Mehilli J, Schomig K, Michalk F, Ibrahim T, Meisetschlager G, von Wedel J, Bollwein H, Seyfarth M, Schimitt C, Schwaiger M, Kastrati A, Schomig A, for the REVIVAL-2 Investigators (2006) Stem cell mobilization by granulocyte colonystimulating factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295:1003–1010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Ripa RS, Jorgensen E, Wang Y, Thune JJ, Nilsson JC, Sondergaard L, Johnsen HE, Kober L, Grande P, Kastrup J (2006) Stem cell mobilization induced by subcutaneous granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to improve cardiac regeneration after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Results of the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled stem cells in myocardial infarction (STEMMI) trial. Circulation 113:1983–1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Engelmann MG, Theiss HD, Hennig-Theiss C, Huber A, Wintersperger BJ, Werle-Ruedinger AE, Schoenberg SO, Steinbeck G, Franz WM (2006) Autologous bone marrow stem cell mobilization induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after subacute ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing late revascularization. Final results from the G-CSF-STEMI (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1712–1721

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Lehrke S, Mazhari R, Durand DJ, Zheng M, Bedja D, Zimmet JM, Schuleri KH, Chi AS, Gabrielson KL, Hare JM (2006) Aging impairs the beneficial effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor on post-myocardial infarction remodeling. Circ Res 99:553–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Chen X, Kelemen SE, Autieri MV (2004) AIF-1 expression modulates proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells by autocrine expression of G-CSF. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24:1217–1222

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Chen X, Kelemen SE, Autieri MV (2005) Expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is induced in injured rat carotid arteries and mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288:81–88

    Google Scholar 

  78. Lim SY, Kim YS, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Rok LS, Kim JH, Kim KH, Park HW, Kim W, Cho JG, Park JC, Kang PM, Schwartz RS, Kang JC (2007) The effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in bare stent and sirulimus-eluting stent in pigs following myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2007:304–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Kang HJ, Kim YS, Koo BK, Park KW, Lee HY, Sohn DW, Oh BH, Park YB, Kim HS (2008) Effects of stem cell therapy with G-CSF on coronary artery after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with myocardial infarction. Heart 94:604–609

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Takano H, Ueda K, Hasegawa H, Komuro I (2007) G-CSF therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 28:512–517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Beohar N, Flaherty JD, Davidson CJ, Vidovich M, Singhal S, Rapp JA, Erdogan A, Lee DC, Rammohan C, Brodsky A, Wu E, Pieper K, Virmani R, Bonow RO, Mehta J (2007) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration after myocardial infarction in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model: functional and pathological effects of dose timing. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 69:257–266

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Overgaard M, Ripa RS, Wang Y, Jorgensen E, Kastrup J (2010) Timing of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment after acute myocardial infarction and recovery of left ventricular function: results from the STEMMI trial. Int J Cardiol 140:351–355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Westenbrink BD, Voors AA, de Boer RA, Schuringa JJ, Klinkenberg T, van der Harst P, Vellenga E, van Veldhuisen DJ, van Gilst WH (2010) Bone marrow dysfunction in chronic heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail 12:676–684.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Adbel-Latif A, Bolli R, Zuba-Surma EK, Tleyjeh IM, Hornung CA, Dawn B (2008) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy for cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 156:216–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Fan L, Chen L, Chen X, Fu F (2008) A meta-analysis of stem cell mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 22:45–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Zohlnhöfer D, Dibra A, Koppara T, de Waha A, Ripa RS, Kastrup J, Valgimigli M, Scömig A, Kastrati A (2008) Stem cell mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for myocardial recovery after acute myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:1429–1437

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the financial support of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo (FAPES/PRONEX).

Conflicts of interest

None declared.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES, 29042-755, Brazil

    Marcelo Perim Baldo, Sérgio Lamêgo Rodrigues & José Geraldo Mill

Authors
  1. Marcelo Perim Baldo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sérgio Lamêgo Rodrigues
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. José Geraldo Mill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcelo Perim Baldo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Baldo, M.P., Rodrigues, S.L. & Mill, J.G. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for ischemic heart failure: should we use it?. Heart Fail Rev 15, 613–623 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-010-9188-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-010-9188-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation