Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Time course of differentiation of different cell types in 3D-reconstructed eccrine sweat glands

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Molecular Histology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Epidermal basal cells invaginate into the dermis to form sweat ducts, which then grow downwards further to form secretory coils during the ontogenesis of eccrine sweat glands, but the time course of differentiation of different cell types in 3D-reconstructed eccrine sweat glands remain unclear. In this study, secretory cell-specific marker K7, clear secretory cell-specific marker CA II, dark secretory cell-specific marker GCDFP-15, myoepithelial cell-specific marker α-SMA, inner duct cell-specific marker S100P and outer duct cell-specific marker S100A2 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that S100P and S100A2 were first detected at 2 weeks post implantation, K7 and α-SMA at 3 weeks, and GCDFP-15 and CA II at 4 weeks. The differentiation of ducts preceded secretory coils in 3D-reconstructed eccrine sweat glands. After 8 weeks post implantation, the distribution of these markers in 3D-reconstructed eccrine sweat glands was similar to that in native ones, and the percentage of the 3D-reconstructed glands expressing these markers maintained steady. We conclude that although the 3D-reconstructed and native eccrine sweat glands originated from different cells, the differentiation of different cell types in 3D-reconstructed eccrine sweat glands parallels the sequence observed during embryonic development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

3D:

Three-dimensional

α-SMA:

α-Smooth muscle actin

CA II:

Carbonic anhydrase II

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

FoxA1:

Forkhead transcription factor A1

GCDFP-15:

Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15

HE:

Hematoxylin–eosin

NKCC1:

Na+–K+–2Cl-cotransporter 1

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

SUMC:

Shantou University Medical College

References

  • Boni R, Burg G, Doguoglu A, Ilg EC, Schafer BW, Muller B, Heizmann CW (1997) Immunohistochemical localization of the Ca2+ binding S100 proteins in normal human skin and melanocytic lesions. Br J Dermatol 137:39–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovell DL, MacDonald A, Meyer BA, Corbett AD, MacLaren WM, Holmes SL, Harker M (2011) The secretory clear cell of the eccrine sweat gland as the probable source of excess sweat production in hyperhidrosis. Exp Dermatol 20:1017–1020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheshire WP, Freeman R (2003) Disorders of sweating. Semin Neurol 23:399–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui CY, Schlessinger D (2015) Eccrine sweat gland development and sweat secretion. Exp Dermatol 24:644–650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui CY, Childress V, Piao Y, Michel M, Johnson AA, Kunisada M, Ko MS, Kaestner KH, Marmorstein AD, Schlessinger D (2012) Forkhead transcription factor FoxA1 regulates sweat secretion through Bestrophin 2 anion channel and Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:1199–1203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu X, Fang L, Li X, Cheng B, Sheng Z (2006) Enhanced wound-healing quality with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells autografting after skin injury. Wound Repair Regen 14:325–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heller DS, Haefner HK, Hameed M, Lieberman RW (2002) Vulvar hidradenitis suppurativa. Immunohistochemical evaluation of apocrine and eccrine involvement. J Reprod Med 47:695–700

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Chen L, Zeng S, Li X, Zhang X, Lin C, Zhang M, Xie S, He Y, Shu S, Yang L, Tang S, Fu X (2015a) Matrigel basement membrane matrix induces eccrine sweat gland cells to reconstitute sweat gland-like structures in nude mice. Exp Cell Res 332:67–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Li X, Zhang M, Chen L, Zhang B, Tang S, Fu X (2015b) Three-dimensional co-culture of BM-MSCs and eccrine sweat gland cells in Matrigel promotes transdifferentiation of BM-MSCs. J Mol Histol 46:431–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Li X, Zhang B, Zhang M, Chen W, Tang S, Fu X (2016) Changes in keratins and alpha-smooth muscle actin during three-dimensional reconstitution of eccrine sweat glands. Cell Tissue Res 365:113–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Chen L, Zhang M, Zhang B (2017a) Cells in 3D-reconstitutued eccrine sweat gland cell spheroids differentiate into gross cystic disease fluid protein 15-expressing dark secretory cells and carbonic anhydrase II-expressing clear secretory cells. Acta Histochem 119:620–623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Chen L, Zhang M, Zhang B (2017b) Foxa1 gene and protein in developing rat eccrine sweat glands. J Mol Histol 48:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Zhang M, Chen L, Zhang B, Zhang C (2017c) Expression of S100A2 and S100P in human eccrine sweat glands and their application in differentiating secretory coil-like from duct-like structures in the 3D reconstituted eccrine sweat spheroids. J Mol Histol 48:219–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Li H, Zhang M, Chen L, Zhang B (2017d) Cell proliferation and differentiation during the three dimensional reconstitution of eccrine sweat glands. J Mol Histol 48:113–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu C, Fuchs E (2014) Sweat gland progenitors in development, homeostasis, and wound repair. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 4:a015222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu CP, Polak L, Rocha AS, Pasolli HA, Chen SC, Sharma N, Blanpain C, Fuchs E (2012) Identification of stem cell populations in sweat glands and ducts reveals roles in homeostasis and wound repair. Cell 150:136–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll I, Moll R (1992) Changes of expression of intermediate filament proteins during ontogenesis of eccrine sweat glands. J Invest Dermatol 98:777–785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll R, Moll I, Wiest W (1982) Changes in the pattern of cytokeratin polypeptides in epidermis and hair follicles during skin development in human fetuses. Differentiation 23:170–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamoto T, Eguchi G, Beebe DC (2000) Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in cultured lens epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:1122–1129

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saga K (2002) Structure and function of human sweat glands studied with histochemistry and cytochemistry. Prog Histochem Cytochem 37:323–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K, Kang WH, Saga K, Sato KT (1989) Biology of sweat glands and their disorders. I. Normal sweat gland function. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:537–563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schon M, Benwood J, O’Connell-Willstaedt T, Rheinwald JG (1999) Human sweat gland myoepithelial cells express a unique set of cytokeratins and reveal the potential for alternative epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation states in culture. J Cell Sci 112(Pt 12):1925–1936

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha P, Muramatsu Y, Kudeken W, Mori M, Takai Y, Ilg EC, Schafer BW, Heizmann CW (1998) Localization of Ca2+-binding S100 proteins in epithelial tumours of the skin. Virchows Arch 432:53–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Muijen GN, Warnaar SO, Ponec M (1987) Differentiation-related changes of cytokeratin expression in cultured keratinocytes and in fetal, newborn, and adult epidermis. Exp Cell Res 171:331–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu L, Okano S, Takahara M, Chiba T, Tu Y, Oda Y, Furue M (2013) Expression of S100 protein family members in normal skin and sweat gland tumors. J Dermatol Sci 70:211–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The manuscript was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81772102, 81471882).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China

    Mingjun Zhang, Haihong Li, Sitian Xie & Liyun Chen

Authors
  1. Mingjun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haihong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sitian Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Liyun Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haihong Li.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

We declare there is no conflict of interest and no competing financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, M., Li, H., Xie, S. et al. Time course of differentiation of different cell types in 3D-reconstructed eccrine sweat glands. J Mol Hist 49, 567–575 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-018-9795-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-018-9795-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation