Skip to main content
Log in

The Effect of Clients’ Auditing Experience and Concession-Timing Strategies on Auditor-Client Negotiations

  • Published:
Group Decision and Negotiation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the role of auditing experience, in auditor-client negotiations, in determining the value of the negotiated outcome. We also assessed whether it alters the effect of auditors’ concession timing-strategies on this outcome. Using an experimental method, we selected our respondents from two groups of financial officers (clients), those with and those without auditing experience. To determine the effect of the financial officers’ auditing experience and the concession-timing strategies adopted by their auditors, we measured the magnitude of the audit adjustment in an auditor-client negotiation. Our findings showed that auditing experience and concession-timing strategies affect the magnitude of the audit adjustments separately, but that auditing experience has no moderating effect on the relationship between concession timing and the final audit adjustment of the financial officers. A practical implication of this study is that it identified the ways in which auditor-client negotiations actually work. It is important that auditors obtain background information about their clients before they start a negotiation, as this information may affect its outcome.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The case is three pages long, with Table 3 occupying a significant portion of a page.

References

  • Bame-Aldred CW, Kida T (2007) A comparison of auditor and client initial negotiation positions and tactics accounting. Organ Soc 32:497–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazerman MH, Carroll JS (1987) Negotiator cognition. Res Organ Behav 9:247–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown HL, Johnstone KM (2009) Resolving disputed financial reporting issues: effects of auditor negotiation experience and engagement risk on negotiation process and outcome. Audit J Pract Theory 28:65–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen J, Cohen P (1983) Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotter MJ, Henley JA Jr (2008) First-offer disadvantage in zero-sum game negotiation outcomes. J Bus Bus Mark 15:25–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu H, Tan H-T, Zhang J (2011) Effect of auditor negotiation experience and client negotiating style on auditors’ judgments in an auditor-client negotiation context. Audit J Pract Theory 30:225–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbins M, Salterio S, Webb A (2001) Evidence about auditor-client management negotiation concerning client’s financial reporting. J Account Res 39:535–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield RC, Agoglia CP, Sanchez MH (2008) Client characteristics and the negotiation tactics of auditors: implications for financial reporting. J Account Res 46:1183–1207

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield RC, Houston RW, Stefaniak CM, Usrey S (2010) The effect of magnitude of audit difference and prior client concessions on negotiations of proposed adjustments. Account Rev 85:1647–1668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kadous K, Kennedy SJ, Peecher ME (2003) The effect of quality assessment and directional goal commitment on auditors’ acceptance of client-preferred accounting methods. Account Rev 78:759–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman G, Palmon D (2000) A negotiation-oriented model of auditor-client relationships. Group Decis Negot 9:17–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman G, Palmon D, Yoon K (2014) The relationship of cognitive effort, information acquisition preferences and risk to simulated auditor-client negotiation outcomes. Group Decis Negot 23:1319–1342

  • Kwon S, Weingart LR (2004) Unilateral concessions from the other party: concession behavior, attributions, and negotiation judgments. J Appl Psychol 89:263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran S, Ritov I (2007) Experience in integrative negotiations: What needs to be learned? J Exp Soc Psychol 43:77–90. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neale MA, Bazerman MH (1983) The role of perspective-taking ability in negotiating under different forms of arbitration. Ind Labor Relat Rev 36:378–388

  • Northcraft GB, Neale MA (1987) Experts, amateurs, and real estate: an anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions. Organi Behav Hum Decis Process 39:84–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt DG (1998) Social conflict. In: Gilbert DT, Fiske ST, Lindzey G (eds) The handbook of social psychology, vol 2. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, Boston, pp 470–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt DG, Lewis SA (1975) Development of integrative solutions in bilateral negotiation. J Personal Soc Psychol 31:621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raiffa H (1982) The art and science of negotiation. Bellknap, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan HT, Trotman KT (2010) Effects of the timing of auditors’ income reducing adjustment concessions on financial officers’ negotiation judgments. Contemp Account Res 27:1207–1239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson L (1990) An examination of naive and experienced negotiators. J Personal Soc Psychol 59:82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trotman KT, Wright AM, Wright S (2005) Auditor negotiations: an examination of the efficacy of intervention methods. Account Rev 80:349–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trotman KT, Wright AM, Wright S (2009) An examination of the effects of auditor rank on pre-negotiation judgments. Audit J Pract Theory 28:191–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weingart LR, Thompson L, Bazerman MH, Carroll JS (1990) Tactical behavior and negotiation outcomes. Int J Confl Manag 1:7–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng D, Sycara K (1998) Bayesian learning in negotiation. Hum Comput Stud 48:125–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We would like to express our gratitude to Hun-Tong Tan from Nanyang Technological University Singapore, for his constructive feedback and guidance

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Che Azmi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Che Azmi, A., Voon, Y.H. The Effect of Clients’ Auditing Experience and Concession-Timing Strategies on Auditor-Client Negotiations. Group Decis Negot 25, 1049–1069 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9474-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9474-x

Keywords

Navigation