Abstract
Plants, unlike animals, cannot move from one place to another and have to face different climatic disturbances wherever they are growing. So, they have innumerable built-in mechanisms to adapt to various abiotic stressful conditions like drought, heat, cold, and salinity. The changing environmental conditions influence the expression patterns of genes. Epigenetics involves heritable changes in DNA bases or histone proteins, which ultimately create different conformational states of chromatin. The regulatory enzymes of epigenetic modifications are grouped as writers, readers and erasers, which add, recognize and remove the epigenetic marks, respectively. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of DNA methylation by the RdDM pathway, its maintenance and removal, and different histone modification categories like acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. This review further discusses in detail the crucial role these modifications play in adapting to major abiotic stresses and how plants preserve these experiences as stress memory to respond to recurring stresses. It emphasizes the role of epigenetic modifications as a crucial mechanism for building plant’s tolerance and how it can be an important research priority to improve plant growth and development under abiotic stress conditions.
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Abbreviations
- CMT:
-
Chromomethylase
- AGO:
-
Argonoute
- DRM2:
-
Domains rearranged methyltransferase 2
- MET1:
-
Methyltransferase 1
- RdDM:
-
RNA-directed DNA methylation
- HAT:
-
Histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC:
-
Histone deactylase
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the core grant of National Institute of Plant Genome Research and research grant from Department of Biotechnology (BT/PR36694/NNT/281722/2020) to AP. HC and JN acknowledge University Grants Commission and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India for Junior and Senior Research Fellowships, respectively. PKT acknowledges Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi for JC Bose National Fellowship (JCB/2021/000036). The authors are thankful to DBT-eLibrary Consortium (DeLCON) for providing access to e-resources. CSIR-CIMAP Publication Number: CIMAP/PUB/ 2024/58.
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Funding was provided by CIMAP (Grant No. JCB/2021/000036).
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AP and PKT conceived the idea. HC, JN and AP wrote the first draft. AP and PKT finalized the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Chhatwal, H., Naik, J., Pandey, A. et al. Broadening the epigenetic horizon of abiotic stress response in plants. Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-024-01152-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-024-01152-y