Abstract
The habituated rice calli grown on an auxin-free medium were isolated from rice embryo-derived calli previously cultivated on medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The habituated rice calli grow faster than the non-habituated ones, particularly during the first week. We performed microarray analysis to unravel the changes in the transcriptomic level of rice calli grown on hormone-free medium. Several genes related to hormone metabolism and signaling were differentially expressed between the two calli types. Especially, the expressions of two amido-transferase enzymes genes Gretchen Hagen 3s (GH3.1 and GH3.8) were down-regulated and one indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid (IAA-AA) hydrolase gene ILR1-like 3 was up-regulated in habituated calli compared to non-habituated. We further assessed the contents of different hormones in these two calli kinds. The IAA content was indeed significantly increased by about 7 times in habituated calli compared to non-habituated, initially grown in plant hormone-free medium. In parallel to the increase in the endogenous auxin, IAA-AA conjugates, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene and GA12, GA19, GA29 were decreased in the habituated calli. Our results indicate that the regeneration of endogenous auxin is essential and required for the habituation of callus cells. The changes in the endogenous hormones might be coordinated and monitored during the habituation process by various biological pathways. Eventually, this study debates the interrelated changes and adjustment in endogenous plant hormones occurred (happened) in the habituated calli. This report exhibits also a completely different hormonal composition status for each rice calli, which might potentially be responsible for the calli growth regulation and its acclimation process.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- ACC:
-
1-aminocyclopropy-1-carboxylate
- ACD:
-
1-aminocyclopropy-1-carboxylate deaminase
- ACO:
-
1-aminocyclopropy-1-carboxylate oxidase
- CK:
-
Cytokinin
- d:
-
Day
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA:
-
Gibberellic acid
- GH3:
-
Gretchen hagen 3
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- ILR1:
-
IAA-Leu-resistant 1
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- KAO:
-
Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase
- KO:
-
Ent-kaurene oxidase
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SAUR:
-
Small auxin-up RNA
- vs:
-
versus
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Chi-Kuang Wen (Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIPPE and Shanghai Institute for Biological Science, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Science, CAS) for assistance with the ethylene detection; Yining Liu (SIPPE, SIBS, CAS) for the assistance with 2,4-D detection.
Funding
This work was supported by the funding from the national natural science foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31600684, U1738107, 31570859 and 31370214), the strategic priority research program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA04020202-15 and XDA04020415), and the China manned space flight technology project.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and experiment conduction were performed by JJ and JD. Data collection and analysis were performed by JJ, JZ, JE and WC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JJ and edited by JE. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jin, J., Essemine, J., Duan, J. et al. Regeneration of active endogenous IAA in rice calli following acclimation to 2,4-D free medium. Plant Growth Regul 93, 203–220 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00679-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00679-0