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Ethylene response of salt stressed rice seedlings following Ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene seed priming

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Abstract

Salinity stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and productivity. Several phytohormones in rice contribute towards salinity response, including ethylene (ET). Furthermore, priming of rice seedlings with different chemicals has revealed new insights in rice stress physiology. Therefore, the hydroponic culture experiment under completely randomized design (CRD) factorial was conducted to study the effects of seed priming with two contrasting chemicals 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and Ethephon with respect to ET production under salinity stress levels 0 (control, CK) and 25 mM NaCl (salinity stress, SS) on cultivar Zhongzheyou 1 (indica) with five replications. Results revealed that the use of 1-MCP and Ethephon improved overall rice seedling germination and growth as compared to the unprimed one under salinity stress. Early germination rate was found to be higher in the Ethephon primed seedlings. However, the late germination rate, overall seedling vigor index (SVI), total plant dry biomass (higher as 37.8 and 42% in 1-MCP-primed seeds, and 28.1 and 21.3% higher in Ethephon-primed seeds than no primed seeds under both salinity levels), other agronomic traits, and SPAD value were found to be higher in the 1-MCP primed seedlings. Further, the production of reactive oxygen species was comparatively higher in the Ethephon primed seedlings than the 1-MCP-primed seedlings. In addition, evaluation of ET levels and expression profiling (qRT-PCR) of some ET signaling genes revealed that Ethephon priming resulted in elevated ET concentration and upregulated ET signaling genes, including OsACS1 and OsEIN2. Overall, our results provide a basic idea of the role of rice seed priming with Ethephon and 1-MCP under salinity condition and their effects on the ET interplay.

Graphic Abstract

Ethylene response of salt stressed rice seedlings following Ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene seed priming. SG speed of germination, GE germination energy percentage, 3rd and 6th DAS 3rd and 6th day after sowing, FG final germination.

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Abbreviations

1-MCP:

1-Methylcyclopropene

CK:

Control (no salt stress)

SS:

Salinity stress

JY85:

Jinyuan85

NPBA:

Nipponbare

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

ET:

Ethylene

ACC:

Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

FG%:

Final germination percentage

DAS:

Days after sowing

GE%:

Germination energy percentage

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Acknowledgements

SH and SN are thankful for the award of Postdoctoral Fellowships from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. SH thanks to Stat Key laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China for providing research facilities and friendly working environment. We would also like to thank American Journal Experts for English Language Editing. We increase thanks to Yefeng Li and Liping Wang for manual support in field as well as lab during sample collection and analysis.

Funding

This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2016C02050-3) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (31872857, 31771733).

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Author notes

  1. Sajid Hussain, Chunquan Zhu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China

    Sajid Hussain, Chunquan Zhu, Jie Huang, Jing Huang, Lianfeng Zhu, Xiaochuang Cao, Satyabrata Nanda, Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli, Qingduo Liang, Yali Kong, Qianyu Jin & Junhua Zhang

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  1. Sajid Hussain
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  2. Chunquan Zhu
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  3. Jie Huang
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  4. Jing Huang
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Contributions

SH, JZ, and QJ conceived and designed research. SH and CZ conducted the experiments and contributed equally. JH, Jing H, CXC, YK, LZ, and ZL contributed analytical tools. SH, SN, and CZ analyzed the data including gene expression and revised the manuscript. SH and SN wrote and edited the manuscript. MAK revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Qianyu Jin or Junhua Zhang.

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Hussain, S., Zhu, C., Huang, J. et al. Ethylene response of salt stressed rice seedlings following Ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene seed priming. Plant Growth Regul 92, 219–231 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00632-1

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