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Stomatal distribution patterns change according to leaf development and leaf water status in Salix miyabeana

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Abstract

Salix is a pioneer woody plant genus characterized by a strong plasticity in leaf morphology. The aims of this paper were to determine stomatal distribution (1) in mature leaves in response to environmental conditions, and (2) during leaf development. Stomata of abaxial and adaxial faces of mature leaves of Salix miyabeana SX67 (cultivated in short rotation coppice) were analyzed at the end of summer 2012 and 2013 at six locations in Quebec, Canada. Within each site and across the two growing seasons, stomatal density of abaxial faces was diluted by an increase in area of mature leaves due to higher rainfall. For shrubs with more than one growing season, stomatal density of abaxial faces was affected by annual rainfall, independently of site, whereas leaf area was predominantly influenced by site but was also modulated in part by rainfall. The number of stomata per leaf was site-specific, independently of rainfall. These leaves were mainly hypostomatic, although those collected on shrubs during their first growing season after coppicing (i.e. with a high root:shoot ratio) were amphistomatic. Similarly, at early development stages (surface area <2.8 cm2), leaves were amphistomatic, whereas stomata on adaxial faces of larger leaves were occluded. Nevertheless, stomatal conductance of abaxial faces increased with leaf area, whereas stomatal density was best described by a quadratic relationship. This strategy allows for a maximum uptake of carbon while limiting water loss during leaf development and to adapt the morphology of mature leaves depending on moisture and site conditions.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully thank Jacinthe Ricard-Piché for her help in the field and laboratory. We also thank Youssef Chebli and Louise Pelletier for their support to acquire microscope images. Financial support for this project was provided by the Fonds de recherche du Québec—Nature et technologies—Programme de recherche en partenariat contribuant à la réduction et à la séquestration des gaz à effet de serre (2011-GZ-138839).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Mario Fontana, Alexandre Collin & Nicolas Bélanger

  2. Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada

    Mario Fontana & Michel Labrecque

  3. Département Science et technologie, Université du Québec, 5800 rue Saint-Denis, bureau 1105, Montréal, QC, H2S 3L5, Canada

    Nicolas Bélanger

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  1. Mario Fontana
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  2. Michel Labrecque
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  3. Alexandre Collin
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  4. Nicolas Bélanger
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Correspondence to Nicolas Bélanger.

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Fontana, M., Labrecque, M., Collin, A. et al. Stomatal distribution patterns change according to leaf development and leaf water status in Salix miyabeana . Plant Growth Regul 81, 63–70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0185-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0185-8

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