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Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review

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Abstract

Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses in nature and exhibit unique and complex responses to these stresses depending on their degree of plasticity involving many morphological, cellular, anatomical, and physiological changes. Phytohormones are known to play vital roles in the ability of plants to acclimatize to varying environments, by mediating growth, development, source/sink transitions and nutrient allocation. These signal molecules are produced within the plant, and also referred as plant growth regulators. Although plant response to salinity depends on several factors; nevertheless, phytohormones are thought to be the most important endogenous substances that are critical in modulating physiological responses that eventually lead to adaptation to salinity. Response usually involves fluctuations in the levels of several phytohormones, which relates with changes in expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis and the responses they regulate. Present review described the potential role of different phytohormones and their balances against salinity stress and summarized the research progress regarding plant responses towards salinity at physiological and molecular levels. We emphasized the role of abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, ethylene and triazoles in mediating plant responses and discussed their crosstalk at various baseline pathways transduced by these phytohormones under salinity. Current progress is exemplified by the identification and validation of several significant genes that enhanced crops tolerance to salinity, while missing links on different aspects of phytohormone related salinity tolerance are pointed out. Deciphering mechanisms by which plant perceives salinity and trigger the signal transduction cascades via phytohormones is vital to devise salinity related breeding and transgenic approaches.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the funding provided by the Key Technology Program R&D of China (Project No. 2012BAD04B12) and MOA Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (No. 201103003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China

    Shah Fahad, Saddam Hussain, Fahad Khan, Aziz Khan, Abid Ullah & Jianliang Huang

  2. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38040, Pakistan

    Amar Matloob & Abdul Khaliq

  3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China

    Faheem Ahmed Khan

  4. Department of Horticultural, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Shah Saud

  5. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan

    Shah Hassan

  6. Women Institute of Learning, Abbottabad, Pakistan

    Darakh Shan

  7. Department of Plant and Food Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Najeeb Ullah

  8. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Muhammad Faiq, Muhammad Rafiullah Khan & Afrasiab Khan Tareen

  9. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

    Nasr Ullah

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  1. Shah Fahad
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  2. Saddam Hussain
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  17. Jianliang Huang
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Correspondence to Jianliang Huang.

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Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Matloob, A. et al. Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress: a review. Plant Growth Regul 75, 391–404 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-014-0013-y

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