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A hormonal misunderstanding in Acca sellowiana embryogenesis: levels of zygotic embryogenesis do not match those of somatic embryogenesis

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Abstract

Endogenous levels of IAA, ABA and four types of CKs were analyzed in zygotic and indirect (ISE) and direct somatic embryogenesis of Acca sellowiana. Zygotic and somatic embryos at different developmental stages were sampled for morphological and hormonal analysis. Both embryo types showed substantial asymmetry in hormone levels. Zygotic embryos displayed a conspicuous peak of IAA in early developmental stages. The results outlined the hormonal variations occurring during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis regarding the timing, nature and hormonal status involved in both processes. The short transient pulse of IAA observed on the 3rd day in culture was suggested to be involved with the signaling for the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Fertilized ovule development was associated with increased IAA levels 21–24 days after pollination, followed by a sharp decrease in the cotyledonary stage, both in zygotic and somatic embryos. There was a prominent increase in ABA levels in cultures which generated ISE 24–30 days after pollination, a period that corresponds to the heart and torpedo stages. The levels of total CKs (Z, [9R]Z, iP and [9R]iP) were also always higher in zygotic than in somatic embryogenesis. While zygotic embryogenesis was dominated by the presence of zeatin, the somatic process, contrarily, was characterized by a large variation of the other cytokinin forms and amounts studied. The above results, when taken together, could be related to the previously observed high frequency formation of anomalous somatic embryos formed in A. sellowiana, as well as to their low germination ability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Graduate Group in Plant Genetic Resources, Rod. Admar Gonzaga Road, Km 3, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Rosete Pescador & Miguel Pedro Guerra

  2. Departament of Botany, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, ZC 11461, São Paulo, SP, 05422–970, Brazil

    Gilberto Barbante Kerbauy

  3. Ambiental Studies Department (NEAMB), Federal University of Tocantins, Porto Nacional, TO, 77500-000, Brazil

    Wagner de Melo Ferreira

  4. Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

    Eduardo Purgatto

  5. Botanical Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil

    Rogério Mamoru Suzuki

Authors
  1. Rosete Pescador
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  2. Gilberto Barbante Kerbauy
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  3. Wagner de Melo Ferreira
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  4. Eduardo Purgatto
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  5. Rogério Mamoru Suzuki
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  6. Miguel Pedro Guerra
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Correspondence to Miguel Pedro Guerra.

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Pescador, R., Kerbauy, G.B., de Melo Ferreira, W. et al. A hormonal misunderstanding in Acca sellowiana embryogenesis: levels of zygotic embryogenesis do not match those of somatic embryogenesis. Plant Growth Regul 68, 67–76 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9694-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9694-2

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