Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of gene expressions associated with increased allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) induced by exogenous salicylic acid

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The defense characteristics of allelopathic rice accession PI312777 and its counterpart Lemont induced by exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to suppress troublesome weed barnyardgrass (BYG) were investigated using the methods of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that exogenous SA could induce the allelopathic effect of rice on BYG and this inducible defense was SA dose-respondent and treatment time-dependent. PI312777 exhibited higher inhibitory effect than Lemont on BYG after treated with different concentrations of SA. The activities of cell protective enzymes including SOD, POD and CAT in the BYG plants co-cultured with PI312777 treated by SA were highly depressed compared with the control (co-cultured with rice without SA-treatment). Similar but lower depression on these enzymes except for CAT was also observed in the BYG plants when co-cultured with Lemont treated by SA. It is therefore suggested that allelopathic rice should be more sensitive than non-allelopathic rice to exogenous SA. Seventeen genes induced by SA were obtained by SSH analysis from PI312777. These genes encode receptor-kinase proteins, ubiquitin carrier proteins, proteins related to phenylpropanoid metabolism, antioxidant related proteins and some growth-mediating proteins. The differential expressions of these genes were validated in part by qRT-PCR in the two rice accessions. Our work elucidated that allelopathic rice possesses an active chemical defense and auto-detoxifying enzyme system such as the up-regulated enzymes involved in de novo biosynthesis of phenolic allelochemicals and the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) associated with xenobiotic detoxification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

SSH:

Suppression subtractive hybridization

qRT-PCR:

Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction

SA:

Salicylic acid

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

CCR:

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

POD:

Peroxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

References

  • Baerson SR, Moreiras AS, Bonjoch NP, Schulz M, Kagan IA, Agarwal AK et al (2005) Detoxification and transcriptome response in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA). J Biol Chem 280:21867–21881. doi:10.1074/jbc.M500694200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balke NE, Hodges TK (1979) Comparison of reduction in adenosine triphosphate content, plasma membrane-associated adenosine triphosphase activity and potassium absorption in oat root by diethylstilbestrol. Plant Physiol 63:53–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belz RG (2007) Allelopathy in crop/weed interactions: an update. Pest Manag Sci 63:308–326. doi:10.1002/ps.1320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belz RG, Hurle K (2004) A novel laboratory screening bioassay for crop seedling allelopathy. J Chem Ecol 30:175–198. doi:10.1023/B:JOEC.0000013190.72062.3d

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bi HH, Zeng RS, Su LM, An M, Luo SM (2007) Rice allelopathy induced by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. J Chem Ecol 33:1089–1103. doi:10.1007/s10886-007-9286-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bob BB, Wilhelm G, Russell LJ (eds) (2000) Biochemistry & molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Maryland

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant JP, Chapin FSIII, Reichardt PB, Clausen TP (1987) Response of winter chemical defense in Alaska paper birch and green alder to manipulation of plant carbon/nutrient balance. Oecologia 72:510–514. doi:10.1007/BF00378975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhindsa RS, Dhindsa PP, Thorpe TA (1981) Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Exp Bot 32:93–96. doi:10.1093/jxb/32.1.93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diatchenko L, Lau YFC, Campbell AP, Chenchik A, Moqadam F, Huang B et al (1996) Suppression subtractive hybridization: a method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6025–6030. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.12.6025

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dilday RH, Yan WG, Moldenhauer KAK, Gravois KA (1998) Allelopathic activity in rice for controlling major aquatic weeds. In: Olofsdotter M (ed) Allelopathy in rice. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, pp 7–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilday RH, Mattice JD, Moldenhauer KA (2000) An overview of rice allelopathy in the USA. In: Kim KU, Shin DH (eds) Rice allelopathy. Kyungpook National University, Taegu, pp 15–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham CW (1958) Use of methylene blue to evaluate rooting of cuttings. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 72:450–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebana K, Yan WG, Dilday RH, Namai H, Okuno K (2001) Analysis of QTL associated with the allelopathic effect of rice using water-soluble extracts. Breed Sci 51:47–51. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.51.47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fajer ED, Bowers MD, Bazzaz FA (1992) The effect of nutrients and enriched CO2 environments on production of carbon-based allelochemicals in plantago: a test of the carbon/nutrient balance. Am Nat 140:702–723. doi:10.1086/285436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong HB, Jiao YX, Hu WW, Pua EC (2005) Expression of glutathione-S-transferase and its role in plant growth and development in vivo and shoot morphogenesis in vitro. Plant Mol Biol 57:53–66. doi:10.1007/s11103-004-4516-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He HQ, Dong ZH, Liang YY, Lin SW, Lin WX (2002) New advance of research on allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res Agric Mod 23:140–143 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • He HQ, Shen LH, Xiong J, Jia XL, Lin WX, Wu H (2004) Conditional genetic effect of allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different environmental conditions. Plant Growth Regul 44:211–218. doi:10.1007/s10725-004-5107-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen LB, Courtois B, Shin LS, Li ZK, Olofsdotter M, Mauleon RP (2001) Locating genes controlling allelopathic effects against barnyardgrass in upland rice. Agron J 93:21–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenneth J, Thomas D (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−△△Ct method. Methods 25:402–408. doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SY, Madrid AV, Park ST, Yang SJ, Olofsdotter M (2005) Evaluation of rice allelopathy in hydroponics. Weed Res 45:74–79. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00438.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacik J, Klejdus B, Backor M, Repca M (2007) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and phenolic compounds accumulation in nitrogen-deficient Matricaria chamomilla leaf rosettes. Plant Sci 172:393–399. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.10.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SB, Seo KI, Koo JH, Hur HS, Shin JC (2005) QTLs and molecular markers associated with rice allelopathy. In: Haper JDI, An M, Kent JH (eds) Proceedings of the fourth world congress on allelopathy “Establishing the scientific base”, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, pp 505–507

  • Lin WX, Kim KU, Shin DH (2000) Allelopathic potential in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its modes of action on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.). Allelopath J 7:215–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin WX, He HQ, Guo YC, Liang YY, Chen FY (2001) Rice allelopathy and its physiobiochemical characteristics. Chin J Appl Ecol 12:871–875 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin WX, He HQ, Kim KU (2003) The performance of allelopathic heterosis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Allelopath J 2:179–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling ZP, Hu YL (1997) Stress resistance of plants induced via the salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway. Acta Bot Sin 39:l85–188 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohtake Y, Takahashi T, Komeda Y (2000) Salicylic acid induces the expression of a number of receptor-like kinase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 41:1038–1044. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcd028

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olofsdotter M (1998) Allelopathy in rice. In: Olofsdotter M (ed) Allelopathy in rice. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfaff MW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29:2002–2007

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam AR, Tang CS (1986) Allelopathy: state of science. In: Putnam AR, Tang CS (eds) The science of allelopathy. Wiley, New York, pp 43–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasbin I (1992) Salicylate, a new plant hormone. Plant Physiol 99:799–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Razal RA, Ellis S, Santokh S, Lewis NG, Towers GHN (1996) Nitrogen recycling in phenylpropanoid metabolism. Phytochemistry 41:31–35. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00628-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuler MA (1996) Plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Crit Rev Plant Sci 15:235–284. doi:10.1080/713608134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen LH, Lin WX (2007) Effects of phosphorus levels on allelopathic potential of rice co-cultured with barnyardgrass. Allelopath J 19:23–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen LH, Xiong J, Lin WX (2008) Rice allelopathy research in china. In: Zeng RS, Mallik AU, Luo SM (eds) Allelopathy in sustainable agriculture and forestry. Springer, New York, pp 215–233

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Song BQ, Xiong J, Fang CX, Qiu L, Lin RY, Liang YY et al (2008) Allelopathic enhancement and differential gene expression in rice under low nitrogen treatment. J Chem Ecol 34:688–695. doi:10.1007/s10886-008-9455-x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takao M, Akazawa T, Fukuchi S (1970) Enzymic mechanism of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds.III.α-amylase isozymes. Plant Physiol 46:650–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai CJ, Harding SA, Tschaplinski TJ, Lindroth RL, Yuan YN (2006) Genome-wide analysis of the structural genes regulating defense phenylpropanoid metabolism in Populus. New Phytol 172:47–62. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01798.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidenhame JD (1996) Distinguishing resource competition and chemical interference: overcoming the method-ological impasse. Agron J 88:866–875

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen PF, Chen JY, Kong WF, Pan QH, Wan SB, Huang WD (2005) Salicylic acid induced the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene in grape berry. Plant Sci 169:928–934. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.06.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang CB, Miao ZH, Lam E (1996) Coordinated activation of as-1-type elements and a tobacco glutathione S-transferase gene by auxins, salicylic acid, methyl-jasmonate and hydrogen peroxide. Plant Mol Biol 32:415–426. doi:10.1007/BF00019093

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong J, Lin WX, Zhou JJ, Wu MH, Chen XX, He HQ (2005) Studies on biointerference between barnyardgrass and rice accessions at different nitrogen regimes. In: Harper JDI, An M, Wu H, Kent JH (eds) Proceedings fourth world congress on allelopathy, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, pp 501–504

  • Xiong J, Jia XL, Deng JY, Jiang BY, He HB, Lin WX (2007a) Analysis of epistatic effect and QTL interactions with environment for allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Allelopath J 20:259–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong J, Wang HB, Fang CX, Qiu L, Wu WX, He HB et al (2007b) The differential expression of the genes of the key enzymes involved in phenolic compound metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different nitrogen supply. J Plant Physiol Mol Biol 33:387–394 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZH, Yu LQ, Zhao M (2003) Rice allelopathy to barnyardgrass. Chin J Appl Ecol 14:737–740 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng DL, Qian Q, Teng S, Dong G, Fujimoto H, Yasufumi K et al (2003) Genetic analyses on rice allelopathy. Chin Sci Bull 48:70–73

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30471028) and Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Fujian, China (No.20020F012, K04038). The authors thank Dr. W.R. Wu for his critical reading of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Chang-Xun Fang, Jun Xiong, Long Qiu, Hai-Bin Wang, Bi-Qing Song, Hai-Bin He, Rui-Yu Lin & Wen-Xiong Lin

  2. School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China

    Chang-Xun Fang, Jun Xiong, Long Qiu, Hai-Bin Wang, Bi-Qing Song, Hai-Bin He, Rui-Yu Lin & Wen-Xiong Lin

Authors
  1. Chang-Xun Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Long Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hai-Bin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bi-Qing Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hai-Bin He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rui-Yu Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Wen-Xiong Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wen-Xiong Lin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fang, CX., Xiong, J., Qiu, L. et al. Analysis of gene expressions associated with increased allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) induced by exogenous salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regul 57, 163–172 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9333-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9333-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation