Abstract
Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) is an underutilized legume of the family Fabaceae. We assembled 58,811 unigenes from the publicly available winged bean RNAseq data sets and discovered 4107 perfect SSRs. Seventy-eight of the 166 SSRs amplified into a single band, of which 22 were polymorphic in 79 germplasm accessions of winged bean constituting eight populations from India, Thailand, Nigeria, Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. We found 60 alleles at the 22 polymorphic SSR loci, with a mean value of 2.73 per locus. With a mean of 0.36, the PIC values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.11 to 0.64. We recorded the maximum genetic diversity in advanced breeding lines (I = 0.67, He = 0.41) and the minimum genetic diversity in the germplasm accessions collected from Manipur (I = 0.44, He = 0.28), a north-eastern Indian state. The AMOVA analysis indicated that within-population variation was significantly higher (85%) than between-population variation (15%). The pairwise Nm values between the populations ranged between 0.69 and 3.41, thereby indicating the varying level of gene flow between them. The analysis of the population structure based on the Bayesian model-based clustering algorithm revealed two distinct groups among the eight populations with different levels of introgression. The fuzzy clustering based on the Manhattan method also identified a similar number of groups, with 72% similarity between the two clustering methods. However, the Neighbour-Joining (NJ)-based clustering grouped all the accessions into four clusters. Nevertheless, all three clustering methods unanimously indicated that most African accessions tended to group, and their leftover members were spread across the hypothetical geographical populations, which indirectly support the African origin of the winged bean.
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Acknowledgements
We sincerely acknowledge the Director, ICAR—Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi 834 003, Jharkhand, India, for providing financial support and research facilities. We are also grateful to the Vice Chancellor, Birsa Agricultural University (BAU), Ranchi 834 006, Jharkhand, India, and the Director, ICAR – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India, for providing the seed materials of winged bean.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. BKS conceived the project and wrote the manuscript. BKS and KUT designed the experiments. BKS, KUT, TM, and SD performed the experiments. AP, KUT, TM, and SK analyzed the data. JLM and HLR provided the seed materials. AP coordinated the project and edited the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Tribhuvan, K.U., Mishra, T., Dilip, S. et al. Genic-SSR-based genetic diversity and population structure analysis in a global germplasm collection highlights the African origin of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). Genet Resour Crop Evol 71, 309–329 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01624-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01624-6