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Status, changing landscape and farmers’ criteria for the continuity of paddy (Oryza sativa) landraces in the upland ecosystem of Jharkhand, India: A conservation perspective

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Abstract

The present study involved paddy landraces naturalized widely across Jharkhand, India, at an altitude range of 6 (Sahibganj) to 768 (Garhwa) metres above sea level. They naturalized across diverse niche areas, including flat to sloped uplands, lowlands, rivulet edges, pond/dam basins, swampy regions with varying altitudes, and broad edaphic ranges. The high number of paddy landraces collected from the Central and North-Eastern Plateau (CNEP) sub-zone was well supported by the complementarity analysis. Landraces from iron- and aluminium- (West and East Singhbhum) and mica- (Giridih and Koderma) rich regions are a potential source of extraordinary mineral tolerance and bioaccumulation. These ecologically stressful habitats owing to limitations in soil pH, soil texture, and other factors are considered potential sites for the evolution of unique traditional varieties. However, the resource base was critically genetically eroded from 2005 to 2021, particularly in Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Ramgarh, Chatra, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Koderma, Deoghar, and Palamu. The CNEP sub-zone witnessed the most genetic erosion of landraces. At the same time, the continued cultivation of landraces in the steeper landscape of both the Western Plateau and South Eastern Plateau sub-zones underscored their value in risk aversion under challenging environmental conditions. Selection criteria analysis of continued paddy landraces demonstrated farmers’ preference for functional traits that influence livelihood security in the local context. These traits are vital for mainstreaming registered landraces into the production chain under changed climatic conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the contribution of all researchers involved in collecting and conserving paddy genetic resources from Jharkhand, India.

Funding

The Department of Agriculture, Government of Jharkhand, funded the present study under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (JH 32).

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Author notes

  1. Neetu Kumari and Shashi Bhushan Choudhary have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, 834006, Jharkhand, India

    Neetu Kumari, Basant Kumar Jha & Onkar Nath Singh

  2. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station Ranchi, Ranchi, 834003, Jharkhand, India

    Shashi Bhushan Choudhary, Shephalika Amrapali & Chandra Bhushan Kumar

  3. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, 321303, Rajasthan, India

    Hariom Kumar Sharma

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  1. Neetu Kumari
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Contributions

NK: Designed the experiment and collected field data. SBC: Assisted in designing the experiment and wrote the manuscript. SA: Prepared and compiled figures. ONS and BKJ: Reviewed and edited the manuscript. HKS: Performed geospatial analysis using DIVA-GIS. CBK: Compiled passport data and coordinates of germplasms.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shashi Bhushan Choudhary.

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Kumari, N., Choudhary, S.B., Amrapali, S. et al. Status, changing landscape and farmers’ criteria for the continuity of paddy (Oryza sativa) landraces in the upland ecosystem of Jharkhand, India: A conservation perspective. Genet Resour Crop Evol 70, 2773–2783 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01605-9

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