Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Delineating genetic inheritance and nonallelic genic interactions for grain iron and zinc concentration, yield and its attributes by generation mean analysis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pearl millet is a major staple cereal crop worldwide and genetic biofortification with enhanced grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations are ongoing efforts to combat micronutrient malnutrition. There is limited information on the nature and magnitude of gene action for Fe and Zn densities, yield and its component traits in pearl millet. Therefore, generation mean analysis was carried out with six basic generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 derived from nine crosses using 18 parental lines of diverse pedigree. Analysis of variance revealed that genotypes were significant for days to flowering, days to maturity, panicle length, panicle girth, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain iron content and grain zinc content in all the crosses while, non significant for days to maturity and 1000 grain weight in crosses J 2340 × 30291 and ICMB 10444 × ICMB 97222, respectively. Generation mean analysis studies revealed that inheritance of grain yield per plant and contributing traits were governed by additive, dominance and varied types of nonallelic interactions. The additive and varied nonallelic interactions were observed in few crosses for days to maturity, plant height, panicle girth, 1000 grain weight and grain iron content. Similarly, dominance and varied types of nonallelic interactions were present in limited crosses for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length and panicle girth. The dominance gene action was observed in cross J 2372 × 30610 for number of productive tillers per plant and J 2454 × 30348 for panicle length while, additive gene action was exhibited in cross 30727 × J 2523 for days to maturity and J 2340 × 30291 for panicle length in pearl millet. Presence of duplicate epistasis in most of the crosses for all the traits except number of productive tillers per plant indicated prevalence of greater genetic diversity. While, complementary epistasis was restricted to limited crosses for days to flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length and grain yield per plant. For grain Fe and Zn content varied nonallellic interactions in combination with additive and dominance gene actions played a major role in influencing the trait. However, nonallelic gene interactions with only additive (d) gene actions played a major role in genetic control of grain iron content in crosses J 2340 × 30291, 30127 × J 2556, ICMB 10444 × ICMB 97222 and 30843 × ICMB 98222. Moreover, one cross 30725 × ICMB 05333 showed only additive gene effect and additive × dominance component of genic interaction for grain zinc content. This information can be utilized in developing pearl millet lines with high grain Fe and Zn content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anonymous (2020) Annual Report. All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project. Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. http://www.aicpmip.res.in/pcr2020.pdf

  • Athwal DS (1966) Current plant breeding research with special reference to Pennisetum. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 26:73–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouis HE (2003) Micronutrient fortification of plants through plant breeding: can it improve nutrition in man at low cost? P Nutr Soc 62:403–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalli LL (1952) An analysis of linkage in quantitative inheritance in “Quantitative Inheritance” (Rieve, ECR and Waddington, C. H Ed) HMSO London, pp 135–144

  • Chakraborti M, Prasanna BM, Singh AM, Hossain F (2010) Generation mean analysis of kernel iron and zinc concentrations in maize (Zea mays). Indian J Agric Sci 80(11):956–959

    Google Scholar 

  • Deshmukh DS, Pawar BR, Yeware PP, Landge VU (2010) Consumer’s preference for pearl millet products. Agri Update 5(1–2):122–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Deshpande JD, Joshi MM, Giri PA (2013) Zinc: the trace element of major importance in human nutrition and health. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2013.2.1-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaddameedi A, Ravikiran KT, Riyazaddin M, Rahul MP, Sadaiah K, Kishor PB, Kumar A (2018) Inheritance studies on grain iron and zinc concentration and agronomictraits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. J Cereal Sci 83:252–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godasara SB, Dangaria CJ, Savaliya JJ, Pansuriya AG, Davada BK (2010) Generation mean analysis in pearl millet [Penisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Agric Sci Dig 30(1):50–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SK, Rai KN, Singh P, Ameta VL, Gupta SK, Jayalekha AK, Mahala RS, Pareek S, Verma SML, YS, (2015) Seed set variability under high temperatures during flowering period in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum L. (R.) Br.]. Field Crops Res 171:41–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indostat software services (2004) Windostat. Indostat services. http://www.indostat.org

  • International Food Policy Research Institute (2013) http://www.ifpri.org/publication/2013-global-food-policy-report

  • Jinks JL, Jones RM (1958) Estimation of the components of heterosis. Genetics 43:223–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jog KH, Kachhadia VH, Vachhani JH, Lalwani HH (2016) Generation mean analysis and inbreeding depression in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Electron J Plant Breed 7(3):469–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kearsey MJ, Pooni HS (1996) The genetical analysis of quantitative traits. Chapman and Hall, London. p, p 381

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Khairwal IS, Yadav OP (2005) Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] improvement in India-retrospect and prospects. Indian J Agric Sci 75:183–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Khairwal IS, Rai KN, Yadav OP, Rajpurohit BS, Negi S (2009) Pearl millet cultivars: seeds of choice. All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project, Mandor, Rajasthan, India

  • Kumar G, Singh AK, Barfa D, Karthik D, Kumar P, Kushwah MK (2017) Generation mean analysis for grain yield and its contributing traits in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)]. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 6(8):355–360. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Rani K, Ajay BC, Patel MS, Mungra KD, Patel MP (2020b) Study of genetic variability, heritability and path analysis for grain micronutrients concentration, yield and component traits in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 9(2):1402–1409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Rani K, Ajay BC, Patel MS, Mungra KD, Patel MP (2020a) Multivariate diversity analysis for grain micronutrients concentration, yield and agro-morphological traits in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 9(3):2209–2226. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mather K (1949) Biometrical Genetics, 1st edn. Dover Publications. Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mather K, Jinks JL (1982) Biometrical Genetics, 3rd Edn. Chapman and Hall, London, p 396

  • Panse VG, Sukhatme PV (1978) Statistical methods for agricultural workers. ICAR Publication (2nd Edn.), New Delhi

  • Pethani KV, Dave HR (1992) Heterosis for grain yield in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides). Indian J Genet Plant Breed 52:45–49

    Google Scholar 

  • R Development Core Team (2018) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org

  • Rai KN, Govindaraj M, Rao AS (2012) Genetic enhancement of grain iron and zinc content in pearl millet. Qual Assur Saf Crop 4:119–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Govila OP, Sheoran RK (2000) Generation mean analysis for yield components in pearl millet. Ann Agric Res 21(1):23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh D, Chhonkar PK, Dwivedi BS (2005) Manual on soil, plant and water analysis. Westville Publishing House, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Singh B, Singh R (2017) Genetic analysis of yield and yield component traits in three crosses of Pennisetum typhoides in India. Ekin J Crop Breed Genetic 3(1):72–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein AJ (2010) Global impacts of human malnutrition. Plant Soil 335:133–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tako E, Reed SM, Budiman J, Hart JJ, Glahn RP (2015) Higher iron pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] provides more absorbable iron that is limited by increased polyphenolic content. J Nutr 14:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-14-11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vadez V, Hash T, Bidinger FR, Kholova J (2012) Phenotyping pearl millet for adaptation to drought. Front Physiol 3(386):158–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Varshney RK, Shi C, Thudi M, Mariac C, Wallace J, Qi P, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang W, Rathore A, Srivastava RK, Chitikineni A, Fan G, Bajaj P, Punnuri S, Gupta SK, Wang H, Jiang Y, Couderc M, Katta M, Mohapatra T, Weckwerth W, Reif JC, Liu X, Vigouroux Y, Xu X (2017) Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments. Nat Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3943

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Velu G, Rai KN, Muralidharan V, Kulkarni VN, Longvah T, Raveendran TS (2007) Prospects of breeding biofortified pearl millet with high grain iron and zinc content. Plant Breed 126:182–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velu G, Rai KN, Sahrawat KL, Sumalini K (2008b) Variability for grain iron and zinc contents in pearl millet hybrids. J SAT Agric Res 6:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Velu G, Rai KN, Sahrawat KL (2008a) Variability for grain iron and zinc content in a diverse range of pearl millet populations. Crop Improv 35(2):186–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Vengadessan V, Vinayan MT (2016) Epistasis is an important genetic basis of grain size in pearl millet. Int J Appl Res 2(7):16–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav OP, Rai KN (2013) Genetic improvement of pearl millet in India. Agric Res 2:275–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav OP, Rai KN, Rajpurohit BS, Hash CT, Mahala RS, Gupta SK, Shetty HS, Bishnoi HR, Rathore MS, Kumar A, Sehgal S, Raghvani KL (2012) Twenty-five years of pearl millet improvement in India. All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

Download references

Acknowledgements

The first author wish to gratitude S. D. Agricultural University, S. K. Nagar, Gujarat, India for granting permission to do Doctoral Research as an In-service candidate and allowing to use the necessary facilities and infrastructure to carry out the present research work. The pedigree information and seed materials provided by ICRISAT, Patancheru Hyderabad, Pearl millet Research Station (PMRS), JAU, Jamnagar and Centre for Crop Improvement (CCI), SDAU, S.K.Nagar Gujarat were highly acknowledges. The help rendered by Dr. Ajay BC, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research (DGR) and Govind Kumar Rai, Coal India Limited was greatly acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, Tharad, Gujarat, 385 565, India

    Mithlesh Kumar

  2. Pulses Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K.Nagar, Gujarat, 385 506, India

    Manubhai Patel

  3. Division of Crop Improvement, Directorate of Groundnut Research (DGR), Junagadh, Gujarat, 362 001, India

    Kirti Rani

Authors
  1. Mithlesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manubhai Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kirti Rani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mithlesh Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, M., Patel, M. & Rani, K. Delineating genetic inheritance and nonallelic genic interactions for grain iron and zinc concentration, yield and its attributes by generation mean analysis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 117–143 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01208-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01208-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation