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Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region

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Abstract

Madeira Archipelago is a hotspot for crop wild relatives (CWR) of crop cultures. Some of these CWR are present in very specific environments, such as, in Ponta de São Lourenço or Desertas Islands. One such species is Beta patula Aiton, a Critically Endangered species which belongs to the Gene Pool 1b of cultivated beets. A continuous effort has been developed for its ex situ conservation through the storage of accessions (ISOP2512 and ISOP1911) in the ISOPlexis GeneBank at the University of Madeira. Simultaneously, a series of studies have been carried out to understand the species’ ecogeographic and ecological requirements, to validate populations’ boundaries and sizes, and to establish population dynamics. This study includes a complete floristic survey at the B. patula locations of, Desembarcadouro islet (DI) with 12 (DI1–DI12) sampling sites, and Chão islet (CI) with 3 (CI1–CI3). Several Biodiversity indices were calculated for these locations. Plot DI3 exhibited the highest values for Corrected Evenness (E′ = 0.77 ± 0.07), Shannon–Weaver Diversity Index (H′ = 2.48 ± 0.12), and Hill’s Index (N2 = 4.47 ± 0.72), with a total sum of 306 individuals of B. patula. The demographic status of B. patula populations in DI and CI was determined yearly between 2014 and 2018. The results show an average population size of 16,906 and 2917 plants, respectively. These data will be used for the establishment of a protocol to monitor and manage a genetic reserve for B. patula and other CWR. By doing so, our work will contribute to the implementation of the European genetic reserve network.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Forestry services and rangers of the Institute of Forests and Nature Conservation of Madeira for their support and assistance during the team fieldwork.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work that was provided by the funding programs Life and FEDER, Madeiran Operational Program, through the projects LIFE RECOVER NATURA—LIFE12 NAT/PT/000195 and CASBio, M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000011, in in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISOPlexis Center, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal

    H. Nóbrega, G. Freitas, M. A. Zavattieri, C. Ragonezi & M. A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho

  2. Biology Department, Colégio da Mitra, University of Évora, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    M. A. Zavattieri

  3. Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), Colégio Luís António Verney, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59. 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    M. A. Zavattieri

  4. Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Züchtungsforschung an landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany

    L. Frese

  5. Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal

    M. A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho

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Nóbrega, H., Freitas, G., Zavattieri, M.A. et al. Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 939–956 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01035-x

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