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Cytological and yield-related analyses in offspring of primed bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds

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Abstract

Seed priming with distilled water (hydropriming) and with micronutrients (nutripriming) can improve the agronomic performance of various crops. Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients for plants and humans that have been widely used in wheat biofortification. However, the micronutrients excess can generate cyto- and phytotoxicity affecting the germination, cell division, development and yield. Seed priming is repeated in each generation, and its effects were never studied in the offspring of primed plants. Whether its advantages, cyto- or phytotoxicity are transmitted to the unprimed offspring are unknown. In this work, we used the first generation of seeds (S1) harvested in plants whose seeds (S0) were hydroprimed and nutriprimed with 4 mg L−1 and/or 8 mg L−1 of Fe and/or Zn. We aimed to study their germination, mitotic cell cycle and seven yield-related components in the adult plants, for further comparison with the data achieved in the S0 generation. A germination percentage of 100% was verified in all S1 offspring. Despite the higher values of the percentage of dividing cells with anomalies (%DCA) in S1 relative to S0, a lower number of types of mitotic irregularities, was found, suggesting cytotoxicity attenuation. The S1 surpassed the S0 for all the yield-related components. Our results suggested that the beneficial effects of hydropriming and Fe and/or Zn nutripriming performed in S0 seeds were enhanced in the S1 offspring via seed provisioning and by the epigenetic inheritance of DNA hypomethylation patterns previously detected in the S0 generation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by national funds attributed by the “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT), under the project UIDB/04033/2020 to the CITAB/UTAD research unit. The authors thank the FCT for the project UID/MULTI/04046/2019 attributed to the research unit BioISI. The authors AC and JL-B acknowledge the COST ACTION CA16212, INDEPTH—Impact of nuclear domains on gene expression and plant traits (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The author AC thanks FCT and UTAD by her contract as a researcher under the scope of D.L. no. 57/2016 of 29 August and Law no. 57/2017 of 19 July.

Funding

This study was supported by national funds attributed by the “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT), under the project UIDB/04033/2020 to CITAB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Tras-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Miguel Baltazar

  2. Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Sara Reis, Ana Carvalho & José Lima-Brito

  3. Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Tras-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (Pole BioISI/UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Ana Carvalho & José Lima-Brito

  4. Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais, A0.04, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Ana Carvalho & José Lima-Brito

Authors
  1. Miguel Baltazar
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  2. Sara Reis
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  3. Ana Carvalho
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  4. José Lima-Brito
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Contributions

José Lima-Brito and Ana Carvalho were responsible for the study conception and design. Sara Reis obtained the S1 seeds. Miguel Baltazar performed most of the practical work, collected samples and analysed the data with the supervision of José Lima-Brito and Ana Carvalho. Miguel Baltazar wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed the previous versions and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to José Lima-Brito.

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Baltazar, M., Reis, S., Carvalho, A. et al. Cytological and yield-related analyses in offspring of primed bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 359–370 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-00991-8

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