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Development of vegetative triploid turf-type bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis (C. × mangennisii Hurcombe)]

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Abstract

Hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) is widely used for turf throughout subtropical and tropical climates because of its superior quality and performance. Development of cultivars adapted to broad range of environments is the main goal of many breeding programs. There is large variation for turfgrass characteristics and drought resistance among native bermudagrass (C. dactylon) germplasm originating from the Mediterranean region. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop triploid turf-type bermudagrass hybrids by making use of native genetic resources. Drought resistant tetraploid C. dactylon genotypes originating from the Mediterranean coastal region of Turkey were crossed with a diploid accession of C. transvaalensis from South Africa in 2011 and 2012. The hybrids were first identified using SRAP molecular markers. Then, phenotypic pre-selection was made for leaf shape, color and density and 273 hybrids were transplanted into the field. Two SSR markers further confirmed the true hybridity of 170 (62%) of these genotypes. Establishment rates in 2013, and turfgrass characteristics in 2014 and 2015 were recorded. Transgressive segregation was evident for estabilishment rate, turfgrass quality and color, and shoot density among progenies. Correlation analysis indicated that selection for shoot density, leaf texture, and prostrate growth habit could increase turf quality. The genotypes ‘45’ and ‘150’ were identified as promising parents for future breeding efforts as they provided positive general combining ability. The best ten hybrids with acceptable turfgrass characteristics were evaluated further under replicated field trials and line T4-C3 has just been released for commercial use.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Akdeniz University under the project code Scientific Research Project: 2011.01.0104.009. The authors also would like to thank to Drs. Anne Frary and Muzaffer Karasulu for their critical review of the language of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Songul Sever Mutlu

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Nedim Mutlu & Serkan Tokgöz

  3. Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Mert Çakır & Ceren Selim

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  1. Songul Sever Mutlu
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  2. Nedim Mutlu
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Contributions

SSM conceived and supervised the study designed the methods and experiment. SSM, ST, MC and CS prepared plant materials and performed breeding, selections and field evaluation. NM performed molecular marker analysis. SSM and NM analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of manuscript.

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Correspondence to Songul Sever Mutlu.

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Sever Mutlu, S., Mutlu, N., Tokgöz, S. et al. Development of vegetative triploid turf-type bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis (C. × mangennisii Hurcombe)]. Genet Resour Crop Evol 67, 177–189 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-019-00863-w

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