Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution

, Volume 61, Issue 6, pp 1147–1158 | Cite as

New evidence on the origin of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) based on morphology and ITS sequence

Research Article
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Abstract

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), known as one of the most desirable tropical fruits of Southeast Asia, has been considered as an obligate agamospermous hybrid, thought to have arisen from two wild species, G. celebica L. (syn. G. hombroniana Pierre) and G. malaccensis Hook. f. However, this putative origin was based on a misidentification of G. malaccensis, which was confused for G. penangiana Pierre. Intensive field studies and molecular investigations based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data of 22 samples were conducted, which included six samples of true G. malaccensis. Morphological observation shows that mangosteen highly resembles G. malaccensis, particularly in its vegetative and fruit characters, even sharing similar taste of ripe fruits. ITS data revealed that mangosteen shared more than 99 % of its sequence with G. malaccensis with a few accessions identical with wild populations in Peninsular Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that clades of mangosteen are paraphyletic per se, but monophyletic if both mangosteen and G. malaccensis are grouped together. This show that mangosteen and G. malaccensis are so closely related that they should be combined together as one species. I propose two theories on the origin of mangosteen, first, that it is a hybrid of different varieties of G. malaccensis, and second, that it may be a product of multiple, superior selections from different populations of female trees of G. malaccensis originating in Peninsular Malaysia.

Keywords

Garcinia malaccensis Garcinia mangostana Peninsular Malaysia Wild relatives 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This paper is an extension of works from the author’s Ph.D. project supervised by Prof. Dr. Toby Pennington and Dr. Mark Newman of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), to whom the author is indebted. Numerous field expeditions and molecular analyses were made possible through grant RUGS 9364500 from the University Putra Malaysia (UPM). I would like to thanks to the curator of these herbaria; A, K, L, P, SING, SAR and UC for the loan materials. Curator and staff of the following herbaria during my visit: K, BM, BO, KEP, KINA, MARDI, SAR and SAN. My special thanks to Dr. Tadashi Kajita of Chiba University for giving permission using his lab during my stay in Japan, which was supported by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS). My personal gratitude also goes to Prof. Emeritus Dr. Abd. Latif Mohamed (UKM) for his comments on the manuscript, James E. Richardson (RBGE) for his valuable advice, the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia (especially to Senior Ranger Salleh Endut for contribution of his photograph), Dr. Jamili Nais (Sabah Parks), John Sugau (Sabah Forestry Centre), Rosslan Yaacob, and colleagues in UPM especially Pn Latifah Zainal Abidin, Shamsul Khamis and Nur Asyikin Psyquay.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Department of Biology, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
  2. 2.Herbarium Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia

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