Abstract
Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), and Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Puton), are among the most important insect pests of wheat in North Africa, West and Central Asia. Host plant resistance is the most economical, environmentally friendly and practical means of controlling insect pests. Through field and greenhouse screening, several sources of resistance to Hessian fly, RWA and Sunn pest have been identified in wheat and its wild relatives. To further broaden the genetic base of resistance to these pests, 914 fixed lines of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) commonly designated as primary synthetic wheat were evaluated for resistance to Hessian fly, RWA and Sunn pest. The initial screenings for RWA and Sunn pest were carried out in the field at Tel Hadya, Aleppo, Syria, and for Hessian fly in the greenhouse at Tel Hadya during the 2009 and 2010 seasons. Promising accessions from the initial screening for Hessian fly, RWA and Sunn pest were evaluated for confirmation in replicated trials in the greenhouse and field. Fifteen SHWs showed high levels of resistance to Hessian fly and four showed moderate resistance. A wheat line derived from the cross (Triticum turgidum/T. dicoccoides) also showed a high level of resistance to Hessian fly. The level of resistance to RWA in SHW was considerably lower; only one SHW and one durum wheat ‘Altar 84’ exhibited a high level of resistance, while four SHW were moderately resistant. There were 21 SHW genotypes and one durum wheat ‘Langdon’ found resistant to Sunn pest feeding at the vegetative stage. Crosses between these potentially novel resistance sources and elite bread wheat were initiated. Genetic and genomic studies using these accessions are ongoing to identify and characterize the resistance genes and reveal potentially new resistance genes, which will be useful in breeding programs to develop wheat germplasm with multiple resistances to these pests.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali L, El Bouhssini M, Al-Salti N, Valkoun V, Nachit M, Abdallah O, Singh M (2009) Evaluation of some wheat and its wild relative accessions for resistance to Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.). Arab J Plant Prot 27:10–13
Castro AM, Vasicek A, Manifiesto M, Gimenez DO, Tacaliti MS, Dobrovolskaya O, Röder MS, Snape JW, Börner A (2005) Mapping antixenosis genes on chromosome 6A of wheat to greenbug and to a new biotype of Russian wheat aphid. Plant Breed 124:229–233
Chen MS, Echegaray E, Whitworth RJ, Wang H, Sloderbeck PE, Knutson A, Giles KL, Royer TA (2009) Virulence analysis of Hessian fly populations from Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. J Econ Entomol 102:774–780
Darkoh C, El Bouhssini M, Baum M, Clack B (2010) Characterization of a prolyl endoprotease from Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Sunn pest) infested wheat. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 74:163–178
El Bouhssini M, Nachit M (2000) New sources of resistance in durum wheat and wild relatives to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Options Méditerr 40:393–395
El Bouhssini M, Benlhabib O, Nachit M, Houari A, Bentika A, Nsarellah N, Lhaloui S (1998) Identification in Aegilops species of resistant sources to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco. Genet Resour Crop Evol 45:343–345
El Bouhssini M, Nachit M, Valkoun J, Abdalla O, Rihawi M (2008) Sources of resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Syria identified among Aegilops species and synthetic derived bread wheat lines. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55:1215–1219
El Bouhssini M, Chen M, Lhaloui S, Zharmukhamedova G, Rihawi F (2009a) Virulence of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Fertile Crescent. J Appl Entomol 133:381–385
El Bouhssini M, Street K, Joubi A, Ibrahim Z, Rihawi F (2009b) Sources of wheat resistance to Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, in Syria. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56:1065–1069
El Bouhssini M, Ogbonnaya FC, Ketata H, Mosaad MM, Street K, Amri A, Keser M, Rajaram S, Morgounov A, Rihawi F, Dabus A, Smith CM (2011a) Progress in host plant resistance in wheat to Russian wheat aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in North Africa and West Asia. Aust J Crop Sci 5:1108–1113
El Bouhssini M, Street K, Amri A, Mackay M, Ogbonnaya FC, Omran A, Abdalla O, Baum M, Dabbous A, Rihawi F (2011b) Sources of resistance in bread wheat to Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) in Syria identified using the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS). Plant Breed 130:96–97
Ennahli S, El Bouhssini M, Grando S, Anathakrishnan R, Niide T, Starkus L, Starkey S, Smith CM (2009) Comparison of categories of resistance in wheat and barley genotypes against biotype 2 of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov). Arthropod Plant Interact 3:45–53
Gill BS, Hatchett JH, Raupp WJ (1987) Chromosomal mapping of Hessian fly resistance gene H13 in the D genome of wheat. J Hered 78:97–100
Lage J, Skovmand B, Andersen SB (2004) Field evaluation of Emmer wheat derived synthetic hexaploid wheat for resistance to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). J Econ Entomol 97:1065–1070
Lhaloui S, Buschman L, El Bouhssini M, Amri A, Hatchett JH, Keith D, Starks K, El Houssaini K (1992) Control of Mayetiola species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with carbofuran in bread wheat, durum wheat and barley, with yield loss assessment and its economic analysis. Awamia 77:55–73
Liu XM, Smith CM, Friebe BR, Gill BS (2005) Molecular mapping and allelic relationships of Russian wheat aphid-resistance genes. Crop Sci 45:2273–2280
Marais GF, Horn M, Du Toit F (1994) Intergeneric transfer (rye to wheat) of a gene(s) for Russian wheat aphid resistance. Plant Breed 113:265–271
Mujeeb-Kazi A, Rosas V, Roldan S (1996) Conservation of the genetic variation of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmalh. (Aegilops squarrosa auct. non L.) in synthetic hexaploid wheats (T. turgidum L. s.lat. × T. tauschii; 2 n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and its potential utilization for wheat improvement. Genet Res Crop Evol 43:129–134
Naber N, El Bouhssini M, Lhaloui S (2003) Biotypes of Hessian fly (Diptera; Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco. J Appl Entomol 127:174–176
Nkongolo KK, Quick JS, Limin AE, Fowler DB (1991) Sources and inheritance of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in Triticum species amphiploids, Triticum tauschii. Can J Plant Sci 71:703–708
Ogbonnaya FC, Imtiaz M, Bariana HS, McLean M, Shankar M, Hollaway GJ, Trethowan R, Lagudah ES, van Ginkel M (2008) Mining synthetic hexaploids for multiple disease resistance to improve wheat. Aust J Agric Res 59(5):421–431
Payne RW (ed) (2011) The guide to GenStat® release 14. Part 2: statistics. VSN International, Hemel Hempstead
Peng J, Wang H, Haley SD, Peairs FB, Laptan NLV (2007) Molecular mapping of the Russian wheat aphid resistance gene Dn2414 in wheat. Crop Sci 47:2418–2429
Ratcliffe RH, Cambron SE, Flanders KL, Bosque-Perez NA, Clement SL, Ohm HW (2000) Biotype composition of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) populations from the southern, midwestern, and north western United States and virulence to resistance genes in wheat. J Econ Entomol 93:1319–1328
Raupp WJ, Amri A, Hatchett JH, Gill BS, Wilson DL, Cox TS (1993) Chromosomal location of Hessian fly resistance genes H22, H23, and H24 derived from Triticum tauschii in the D genome of wheat. J Hered 84:142–145
Sardesai N, Nemacheck JA, Subromanyam S, Williams CE (2005) Identification and mapping of H32, a new wheat gene conferring resistance to Hessian fly. Theor Appl Genet 111:1167–1173
Siegel S, Castellan NJ (1988) Nonparametric statistics for the behavioural sciences, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Sotelo P, Starkey S, Voothuluru P, Wilde GE, Smith CM (2009) Resistance to Russian wheat aphid biotype 2 in CIMMYT synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. J Econ Entomol 102(3):1255–1261
Trissi N, El Bouhssini M, Ibrahem J, Abdulhai M, Parker BL, Reid W, El-Haramein FJ (2006) Effect of egg parasitoid density on the population suppression of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), and its resulting impact on bread wheat grain quality. J Pest Sci 79:83–87
van Ginkel M, Ogbonnaya F (2007) Novel genetic diversity from synthetic wheats in breeding cultivars for changing production conditions. Field Crops Res 104:86–94
Wang T, Xu SS, Harris MO, Hu J, Liu L, Cai X (2006) Genetic characterization and molecular mapping of Hessian fly resistance genes derived from Aegilops tauschii in synthetic wheat. Theor Appl Genet 113:611–618
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely thank Dr. A. Amri and Dr. M. Inagaki for reviewing this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Murari Singh, ICARDA biometrician, for providing assistance with statistical analysis of the data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El Bouhssini, M., Ogbonnaya, F.C., Chen, M. et al. Sources of resistance in primary synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to insect pests: Hessian fly, Russian wheat aphid and Sunn pest in the fertile crescent. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 621–627 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9861-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9861-3