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Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of polyphenol oxidase genes in common wheat and related species

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Abstract

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes in common wheat and its relatives would greatly advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms of grain PPO activity. In the present study, six wheat relative species, including T. urartu, T. boeoticum, T. monococcum, T. dicoccoides, T. durum and Ae. tauschii, were sampled to isolate new alleles at Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 loci corresponding to common wheat PPO genes, and seven new alleles were identified from these species, which were designated as Ppo-A1c (from T. urartu), Ppo-A1d (T. boeoticum), Ppo-A1e (T. monococcum and T. durum), Ppo-A1f (T. dicoccoides), Ppo-A1g (T. durum), Ppo-D1c (Ae. tauschii) and Ppo-D1d (Ae. tauschii), respectively. Five out of the seven alleles detected in the wheat relatives contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,731 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 577 residues, which is the same as those of Ppo-A1 and Ppo-D1 genes in common wheat, whereas, the full-length ORF of the allele Ppo-A1g from T. durum was not obtained, and a 73-bp deletion occurred in the third exon of Ppo-D1d, an allele from Ae. tauschii, resulting in a shorter polypeptide of 466 amino acids. The 191-bp insertion in the first intron reported previously in common wheat was also found in T. dicoccoides lines, implying that more than one tetraploid wheat lines may be involved in the origination of common wheat. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the genomic DNA sequences of the seven alleles, together with four from common wheat and four partial PPO gene sequences deposited in GenBank. The genome tribe A was divided into two clusters, one of which contained Ppo-A1d and Ppo-A1e, and the other included the remaining five alleles at Ppo-A1 locus. The alleles from different clusters showed high sequence divergences, indicated by dozens of SNPs and five to six InDels. The genome tribe D comprised the alleles Ppo-D1a, Ppo-D1c, Ppo-D1d and Ppo-D1b, and the former three were clustered together, showing significant sequence divergence from Ppo-D1b. In addition, the relationships between these allelic variants and grain PPO activities were also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Dr. Lihui Li, Institute of Crop Science, CAAS, for his kindly providing the wheat related species. This study was supported by National Science Foundation of China (30771335), National 863 Programs (2006AA10Z1A7 and 2006AA100102), and International Collaboration Project from the Ministry of Agriculture (2006-G2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing, 100081, China

    X. Y. He, Z. H. He & X. C. Xia

  2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, c/o CAAS, Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing, 100081, China

    Z. H. He

  3. USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646394, Pullman, WA, 99164-6394, USA

    C. F. Morris

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  1. X. Y. He
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Correspondence to Z. H. He or X. C. Xia.

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He, X.Y., He, Z.H., Morris, C.F. et al. Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of polyphenol oxidase genes in common wheat and related species. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56, 311–321 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9365-3

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