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Glycosphingolipids in vascular endothelial cells: relationship of heterogeneity in Gb3Cer/CD77 receptor expression with differential Shiga toxin 1 cytotoxicity

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Abstract

Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 binds to the glycosphingolipid (GSL) globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer/CD77) and injures human endothelial cells. In order to gain insight into Stx1-induced cellular impairment, we analysed in detail the molecular heterogeneity of Stx1 receptors in two endothelial cell lines differing in their Stx1-sensitivity. We observed a moderate sensitivity to Stx1 of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs, CD50 > 200 ng/ml), but a considerably higher mortality rate in cultures of EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (CD50 of 0.2 ng/ml). Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated the presence of Gb3Cer in both cell lines, but showed an enhanced content of Gb3Cer in EA.hy 926 cells. Solid phase overlay binding assays of isolated GSLs combined with nanoelectrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrated a balanced proportion of Gb3Cer and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) in HBMECs, but an increase of Gb3Cer and absence of Gb4Cer in EA.hy 926 cells. Gb3Cer species with C24:1/C24:0 fatty acids were found to dominate over those with C16:0 fatty acids in EA.hy 926 cells, but were similarly distributed in HBMECs. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction indicated the concomitant presence of Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer synthases in HBMECs, whereas EA.hy 926 cells expressed Gb3Cer synthase, but completely lacked Gb4Cer synthase. This deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of Gb3Cer in EA.hy 926 cells, represents the most prominent molecular reason that underlies the different Stx1 sensitivities of HBMECs and EA.hy 926 endothelial cells.

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Abbreviations

CID:

Collision-induced-dissociation

DTAF:

dichlorotriazinylamino fluorescein

EA.hy 926:

HUVEC derived endothelial cell line

ESI Q-TOF-MS:

electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

GSL(s):

glycosphingolipid(s)

HBMECs:

human brain microvascular endothelial cells

HPTLC:

high-performance thin-layer chromatography

HUVECs:

human umbilical vein endothelial cells

RT-PCR:

reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Stx:

Shiga toxin

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), program “Infections of the Endothelium” SPP 1130 project KA 717/4-2 (H.K.), the SFB 629 (B2, M.A.S.), the cooperative projects FR2569/1-1 (A.W.F.) and MU845/4-1 (J.M.) and a grant from the Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, project no. Ka2/061/04 (H.K.).

The authors gratefully acknowledge the expert technical assistance of M. Hülsmann, E. Kalthoff, and L. Greune. We thank Phillip I. Tarr (Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA) for critical reading of the manuscript and stimulating discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Christian H. Schweppe, Martina Bielaszewska, Alexander W. Friedrich & Helge Karch

  2. Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Christian H. Schweppe, Alexander W. Friedrich & Helge Karch

  3. Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Gottfried Pohlentz, Jasna Peter-Katalinić & Johannes Müthing

  4. Institute for Cell Culture Technology, University of Bielefeld, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany

    Heino Büntemeyer

  5. Institute of Infectiology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany

    M. Alexander Schmidt

  6. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Kwang S. Kim

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  1. Christian H. Schweppe
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Schweppe, C.H., Bielaszewska, M., Pohlentz, G. et al. Glycosphingolipids in vascular endothelial cells: relationship of heterogeneity in Gb3Cer/CD77 receptor expression with differential Shiga toxin 1 cytotoxicity. Glycoconj J 25, 291–304 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-007-9091-7

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