Abstract
Like civilization and technology, our understanding of the global water cycle has been continuously evolving, and we have adapted our quantification methods to better exploit new technological resources. The accurate quantification of global water fluxes and storages is crucial in studying the global water cycle. These fluxes and storages physically interact with each other, are related through the water budget, and are constrained by it. First attempts to quantify them date back to the early 1900s, and during the past few decades, they have received an increasing research interest, which is reflected in the vast amount of data sources available nowadays. However, these data have not been comprehensive enough due to the high spatiotemporal variability of the global water cycle. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the chronological evolution of global water cycle quantification, the distinct data sources and methods used, and a critical assessment of their contribution to improving the spatiotemporal monitoring of the global water cycle. The chronology of global water cycle components shows that the uncertainty of flux estimates over oceans remains higher than that over land. Comparing the standard deviation and the interquartile range of the estimates from the 2000s onward with those from all the estimates (1905-2019), we can affirm that statistical variability has diminished in recent years. Moreover, the variability of ocean precipitation and evaporation estimates from the 2000 onward was reduced by more than \(70\%\) compared with earlier studies. These findings advocate that the consistency of global water cycle quantification has been improved.
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Abbreviations
- CHIRPS:
-
Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data
- CLM3:
-
Community Land Model version 3
- CMORPH:
-
Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method
- CPC:
-
Climate Prediction Center
- CRU TS:
-
University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit Time-Series
- CSR:
-
Center for Space Research at University of Texas
- CSU:
-
Colorado State University
- DMSP:
-
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
- ECMWF:
-
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
- ERA:
-
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis
- GEWEX:
-
Global Energy and Water Exchanges
- GFZ:
-
Deutschen GeoForschungsZentrum
- GHP:
-
Global Energy and Water Exchanges Hydrometeorology Panel
- GLDAS:
-
Global Land Data Assimilation System
- GLEAM:
-
Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model
- GPCC:
-
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
- GPCP:
-
Global Precipitation Climatology Project
- GPM:
-
Global Precipitation Measurement
- GRACE:
-
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
- GRDC:
-
Global Runoff Data Centre
- GRGS:
-
Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale
- GWAVA:
-
Global Water Availability Assessment
- H08:
-
Hanasaki 2008
- HTESSEL:
-
Land Surface Hydrology Tiled European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Scheme for Surface Exchanges Over Land
- JPL:
-
Jet Propulsion Laboratories
- JULES:
-
Joint UK Land Environment Simulator
- LPJmL:
-
Lund-Potsdam-Jena Managed Land
- MacPDM:
-
Macro-scale Probability-Distributed Moisture
- MATSIRO:
-
Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff
- MERRA:
-
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
- MPI-HM:
-
Max Planck Institute - Hydrology Model
- MOD16:
-
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Global Evapotranspiration Project
- MODIS:
-
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
- NRL:
-
Naval Research Laboratory
- NTSG:
-
Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group
- Orchidee:
-
Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems
- PGF:
-
Princeton Global Forcing
- PREC/L:
-
Precipitation Reconstruction Over Land
- SRB-CFSR-SEBS:
-
Surface Radiation Budget - Climate Forecast System Reanalysis - Surface Energy Balance System
- SRB-CFSR-PM:
-
Surface Radiation Budget - Climate Forecast System Reanalysis - Penman-Monteith
- SRB-CFSR-PT:
-
Surface Radiation Budget - Climate Forecast System Reanalysis - Priestly-Taylor
- SRB-PGF-PM:
-
Surface Radiation Budget - Princeton Global Forcing - Penman-Monteith
- SSM/I:
-
Special Sensor Microwave Imager
- SSMIS:
-
Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder
- TMPA:
-
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis
- TRMM:
-
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
- VIC:
-
Variable Infiltration Capacity
- WaterGAP:
-
Water Global Assessment and Prognosis
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague internal Grant 2020B0001 “A multiscale framework for data analysis of global precipitation”. The data compiled herein and the R code for the figures are publicly available at https://github.com/MiRoVaGo/chronology_gwc.
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Vargas Godoy, M.R., Markonis, Y., Hanel, M. et al. The Global Water Cycle Budget: A Chronological Review. Surv Geophys 42, 1075–1107 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-021-09652-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-021-09652-6