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Magnetosheath Interaction with the High Latitude Magnetopause

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Abstract

We present both statistical and case studies of magnetosheath interaction with the high-latitude magnetopause on the basis of Interball-1 and other ISTP spacecraft data. We discuss those data along with recently published results on the topology of cusp-magnetosheath transition and the roles of nonlinear disturbances in mass and energy transfer across the high-latitude magnetopause. For sunward dipole tilts, a cusp throat is magnetically open for direct interaction with the incident flow that results in the creation of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) over an indented magnetopause and downstream of the cusp. For antisunward tilts, the cusp throat is closed by a smooth magnetopause; demagnetized ‘plasma balls’ (with scale ∼ few RE, an occurrence rate of ∼25% and trapped energetic particles) present a major magnetosheath plasma channel just inside the cusp. The flow interacts with the ‘plasma balls’ via reflected waves, which trigger a chaotization of up to 40% of the upstream kinetic energy. These waves propagate upstream of the TBL and initiate amplification of the existing magnetosheath waves and their cascade-like decays during downstream passage throughout the TBL. The most striking feature of the nonlinear interaction is the appearance of magnetosonic jets, accelerated up to an Alfvenic Mach number of 3. The characteristic impulsive local momentum loss is followed by decelerated Alfvenic flows and modulated by the TBL waves; momentum balance is conserved only on time scales of the Alfvenic flows (1/fA ∼12 min). Wave trains at fA∼1.3 mHz are capable of synchronizing interactions throughout the outer and inner boundary layers. The sonic/Alfvenic flows, bounded by current sheets, control the TBL spectral shape and result in non-Gaussian statistical characteristics of the disturbances, indicating the fluctuation intermittency. We suggest that the multi-scale TBL processes play at least a comparable role to that of macro-reconnection (remote from or in the cusp) in solar wind energy transformation and population of the magnetosphere by the magnetosheath plasma. Secondary micro-reconnection constitutes a necessary chain at the small-scale (∼ion gyroradius) edge of the TBL cascades. The thick TBL transforms the flow energy, including deceleration and heating of the flow in the open throat, ‘plasma ball’ and the region downstream of the cusp.

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Abbreviations

BL:

Boundary Layer

FOV:

Field Of View

MP:

Magnetopause

GSM :

Geocentric Solar Magnetic

MSH:

Magnetosheath

SW:

Solar Wind

ULF:

Ultra-Low Frequency

UT:

Universal Time

MLT:

Magnetic Local Time

HEOS:

Highly Eccentric Orbiting Satellite

ISEE:

International Sun-Earth Explorers

GDCF:

Gas Dynamic Convected Field model

FOV:

Field Of View

GSE:

Geocentric Solar Ecliptic

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117810, Russia

    S. Savin, A. Skalsky, L. Zelenyi, L. Avanov, N. Borodkova, S. Klimov, V. Lutsenko, E. Panov, S. Romanov, V. Smirnov & YU. Yermolaev

  2. University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA

    P. Song

  3. Interplanetary Space Physics Institute, CNR, Roma, Italy

    E. Amata & G. Consolini

  4. Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    T. A. Fritz

  5. Aeronomie, Max-Planck Inst, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

    J. Buechner & B. Nikutowski

  6. Space Research Center, Warsaw, Poland

    J. Blecki

  7. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA

    C. Farrugia

  8. Mission Research Corporation, Nashua, NH, USA

    N. Maynard

  9. University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    J. Pickett

  10. CESR, Toulouse, France

    J. A. Sauvaud

  11. LPCE, Orleans, France

    J. L. Rauch & J. G. Trotignon

  12. IRF-U, Uppsala, Sweden

    Y. Khotyaintsev & K. Stasiewicz

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  1. S. Savin
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  2. A. Skalsky
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  3. L. Zelenyi
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  4. L. Avanov
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  5. N. Borodkova
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  6. S. Klimov
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  7. V. Lutsenko
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  8. E. Panov
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  9. S. Romanov
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  10. V. Smirnov
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  11. YU. Yermolaev
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  12. P. Song
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  13. E. Amata
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  14. G. Consolini
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  15. T. A. Fritz
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  16. J. Buechner
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  17. B. Nikutowski
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  18. J. Blecki
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  19. C. Farrugia
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  20. N. Maynard
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  21. J. Pickett
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  22. J. A. Sauvaud
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  23. J. L. Rauch
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  24. J. G. Trotignon
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  25. Y. Khotyaintsev
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  26. K. Stasiewicz
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Correspondence to S. Savin.

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Savin, S., Skalsky, A., Zelenyi, L. et al. Magnetosheath Interaction with the High Latitude Magnetopause. Surv Geophys 26, 95–133 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-005-1874-4

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