Abstract
A pair of points in a riemannian manifold M is secure if the geodesics between the points can be blocked by a finite number of point obstacles; otherwise the pair of points is insecure. A manifold is secure if all pairs of points in M are secure. A manifold is insecure if there exists an insecure point pair, and totally insecure if all point pairs are insecure. Compact, flat manifolds are secure. A standing conjecture says that these are the only secure, compact riemannian manifolds. We prove this for surfaces of genus greater than zero. We also prove that a closed surface of genus greater than one with any riemannian metric and a closed surface of genus one with generic metric are totally insecure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bangert, V.: Mather sets for twist maps and geodesics on tori, Dynamics Reported, Vol. 1, 1–56, Dynam. Report. Ser. Dynam. Systems Appl., 1, Wiley, Chichester, (1988)
Bangert V.: Geodesic rays, Busemann functions and monotone twist maps. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 2, 49–63 (1994)
Bangert, V.: Hypersufaces without self-intersections in the torus, Twist mappings and their applications, 55–71, IMA Vol. Math. Appl., 44, Springer, New York, (1992)
Bangert, V.: On 2-tori having a pole, (preprint) (2009)
Bangert, V., Gutkin, E.: Secure two-dimensional tori are flat, (preprint) arXiv:0806.3572 (2008)
Burns K., Gutkin E.: Growth of the number of geodesics between points and insecurity for riemannian manifolds. Discr. Cont. Dyn. Syst. A21, 403–413 (2008)
Busemann H.: The Geometry of Geodesics. Academic Press, New York (1955)
Gromoll, D., Klingenberg, W., Meyer, W.: Riemannsche Geometrie im Grossen, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 55. Springer, Berlin (1968)
Gutkin E.: Blocking of billiard orbits and security for polygons and flat surfaces. GAFA: Geom. Funct. Anal. 15, 83–105 (2005)
Gutkin E.: Topological entropy and blocking cost for geodesics in Riemannian manifolds. Geom. Dedicata 138, 13–23 (2009)
Gutkin E., Schroeder V.: Connecting geodesics and security of configurations in compact locally symmetric spaces. Geom. Dedicata 118, 185–208 (2006)
Hedlund G.A.: Geodesics on a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold with periodic coefficients. Ann. Math. 33, 719–739 (1932)
Herreros P.: Blocking: new examples and properties of products. Erg. Theory Dyn. Syst. 29, 569–578 (2009)
Hirsch M.W.: Differential Topology. Springer Verlag, New York (1976)
Hopf E.: Closed surfaces without conjugate points. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 34, 47–51 (1948)
Innami N.: Families of geodesics which distinguish flat tori. Math. J. Okayama Univ. 28, 207–217 (1986)
Klingenberg W.: A course in differential geometry. Springer Verlag, New York (1978)
Lafont J.-F., Schmidt B.: Blocking light in compact Riemannian manifolds. Geom. Topol. 11, 867–887 (2007)
Mather J.N.: Action minimizing invariant measures for positive definite lagrangian systems. Math. Z. 207, 169–207 (1991)
Morse M.: A fundamental class of geodesics on any closed surface of genus greater than one. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 26, 25–60 (1924)
Schwartzman S.: Asymptotic cycles. Ann. Math. 66, 270–284 (1957)
Solomon B.: On foliations of \({\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}\) by minimal hypersurfaces. Comment. Math. Helv. 61, 67–83 (1986)
Weil A.: On systems of curves on a ring-shaped surface. J. Indian Math. Soc. 19, 109–114 (1931)
Ho, W.K.: On Blocking Numbers of Surfaces, preprint arXiv:0807.2934 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bangert, V., Gutkin, E. Insecurity for compact surfaces of positive genus. Geom Dedicata 146, 165–191 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10711-009-9432-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10711-009-9432-8
Keywords
- Compact riemannian surface
- Minimal geodesic
- Closed geodesic
- Free homotopy class
- Blocking set
- Insecurity
- Flat torus
- Surface of genus greater than one