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Pathogen resistance in Sphagneticola trilobata (Singapore daisy): molecular associations and differentially expressed genes in response to disease from a widespread fungus

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Abstract

Understanding the molecular associations underlying pathogen resistance in invasive plant species is likely to provide useful insights into the effective control of alien plants, thereby facilitating the conservation of native biodiversity. In the current study, we investigated pathogen resistance in an invasive clonal plant, Sphagneticola trilobata, at the molecular level. Sphagneticola trilobata (i.e., Singapore daisy) is a noxious weed that affects both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and is less affected by pathogens in the wild than co-occurring native species. We used Illumina sequencing to investigate the transcriptome of S. trilobata following infection by a globally distributed generalist pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani). RNA was extracted from leaves of inoculated and un-inoculated control plants, and a draft transcriptome of S. trilobata was generated to examine the molecular response of this species following infection. We obtained a total of 49,961,014 (94.3%) clean reads for control (un-inoculated plants) and 54,182,844 (94.5%) for the infected treatment (inoculated with R. solani). Our analyses facilitated the discovery of 117,768 de novo assembled contigs and 78,916 unigenes. Of these, we identified 3506 differentially expressed genes and 60 hormones associated with pathogen resistance. Numerous genes, including candidate genes, were associated with plant-pathogen interactions and stress response in S. trilobata. Many recognitions, signaling, and defense genes were differentially regulated between treatments, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Overall, our findings improve our understanding of the genes and molecular associations involved in plant defense of a rapidly spreading invasive clonal weed, and serve as a valuable resource for further work on mechanism of disease resistance and managing invasive plants.

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Data Availability

The raw data was deposited at the NCBI Short Read Archive (SRA) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) under accession number PRJNA558452 (SRX6649373 and SRX6806069 for the control treatment, and SRX6649374 and SRX6806070 for the infection treatment).

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171509, 32071521, 32001087), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu (BK20211321), Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (2021K160B). Part of the funding for this research was supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). We are grateful to four anonymous reviewers for comments that enabled us to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Shan-Shan Qi and Bharani Manoharan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Shan-Shan Qi

  2. School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Bharani Manoharan, Susan Rutherford, Justin S. H. Wan, Ping Huang, Zhi-Cong Dai & Dao-Lin Du

  3. Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Vignesh Dhandapani

  4. School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Sridharan Jegadeesan

  5. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215009, People’s Republic of China

    Zhi-Cong Dai

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  1. Shan-Shan Qi
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Contributions

SSQ, ZCD, DLD conceived the study, designed the experiments and collected samples; BM, VD, SJ performed data analysis; PH contributed Actin gene sequences of study species; SSQ, and BM performed experiments and wrote the manuscript; SR, JSHW, ZCD, SJ and VD reviewed the manuscript. All authors contributed to the manuscript at various stages.

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Correspondence to Zhi-Cong Dai or Dao-Lin Du.

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Qi, SS., Manoharan, B., Dhandapani, V. et al. Pathogen resistance in Sphagneticola trilobata (Singapore daisy): molecular associations and differentially expressed genes in response to disease from a widespread fungus. Genetica 150, 13–26 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-021-00147-1

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