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Genetic variability in captive populations of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

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Abstract

Low genetic variability has normally been considered a consequence of animal husbandry and a major contributing factor to declining bee populations. Here, we performed a molecular analysis of captive and wild populations of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula, one of the most commonly kept species across South America. Microsatellite analyses showed similar genetic variability between wild and captive populations However, captive populations showed lower mitochondrial genetic variability. Male-mediated gene flow, transport and division of nests are suggested as the most probable explanations for the observed patterns of genetic structure. We conclude that increasing the number of colonies kept through nest divisions does not negatively affect nuclear genetic variability, which seems to be maintained by small-scale male dispersal and human-mediated nest transport. However, the transport of nests from distant localities should be practiced with caution given the high genetic differentiation observed between samples from western and eastern areas. The high genetic structure verified is the result of a long-term evolutionary process, and bees from distant localities may represent unique evolutionary lineages.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Yuri M. Mizusawa for his help on sampling and to Susy Coelho for technical assistance. We thank the beekeepers Jean, Clóvis, José Luciano, Arthur Favaretto, Vilson Hackmann, Dalírio Reisner, Olindo Forgiarini and Olindo Zarpellon for allowing us to collect samples in their meliponaries. A special thanks to Flávio Haupenthal for sending us samples and helping establish contact with beekeepers from Paraná. This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (04/15801-0; 08/08546-4; 08/07417-6; 10/50597-5; 12/00802-7; 12/13200-5) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (scholarship to LRS). This work was carried out in the Research Center on Biodiversity and Computing (BioComp) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP), supported by the USP Provost’s Office for Research.

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  1. Leandro R. Santiago

    Present address: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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  1. Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil

    Leandro R. Santiago, Flávio O. Francisco & Maria C. Arias

  2. Vale Institute of Technology, Sustainable Development, Rua Boaventura da Silva, n. 995, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil

    Rodolfo Jaffé

  3. Department of Ecology, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil

    Rodolfo Jaffé

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Santiago, L.R., Francisco, F.O., Jaffé, R. et al. Genetic variability in captive populations of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula . Genetica 144, 397–405 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-016-9908-z

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