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Chromosomal polymorphism in two species of Hypancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): an integrative approach for understanding their biodiversity

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Abstract

Structural chromosome changes are widely described in different vertebrate groups and generate genetic, phenotypic and behavioral diversity. During the evolution of loricariids, several rearrangements (fissions, fusions, inversions) seem to have occurred. Hypancistrus, tribe Ancistrini, are highly demanded for fishkeeping around the world. In this tribe, the diploid chromosome number 2n = 52 is considered a synapomorphy, and paracentric-type inversions appear to be involved in the chromosomal evolution of the tribe. The present study investigated the karyotypes of H. zebra and H. cf. debilittera using cytogenetic, classical and molecular tools, as well as DNA barcoding. Data reveal that, although diploid number in both species corroborates the proposed synapomorphy for the tribe, there is a complex karyotype dynamics, reflected in the intense chromosomal polymorphism, resulting from rearrangements involving ribosomal regions (5S and 18S rDNA), which are suggested to be paracentric inversions. Besides, DNA barcode confirms reciprocal monophyletism between the species, validating the existence of two species, only. This scenario, coupled with genomic instability caused by exogenous sequences such as Rex-3 retrotransposons and the species’ sedentary lifestyle, which helps the fast polymorphism fixation, may reflect different phenotypic color patterns in natural populations, as observed in H. cf. debilittera.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to IBAMA for the donation of the specimens. This study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq) and Research Support Foundation of the State of Amazonas (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas). Centre for Studies of Adaptation to Environmental Changes in the Amazon (INCT ADAPTA,FAPEAM/CNPq 573976/2008-2), PRONEX/FAPEAM/CNPQ 003/2009). LMS was funded by CNPq-510 PROTAX (150044/2011-9). The authors would also like to thank the biologist Leandro Marajó da Silva for help with the analyses.

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  1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69067-375, Brazil

    Maelin da Silva, Emanuell D. Ribeiro, Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel & Eliana Feldberg

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Bloco M Setor Sul, Av. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão, 3000, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69700-000, Brazil

    Daniele A. Matoso & Tomas Hrbek

  3. Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Altamira, Av. Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, Bairro São Sebastião, Altamira, Pará, CEP 68372-040, Brazil

    Leandro M. Sousa

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  1. Maelin da Silva
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  2. Emanuell D. Ribeiro
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da Silva, M., Ribeiro, E.D., Matoso, D.A. et al. Chromosomal polymorphism in two species of Hypancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): an integrative approach for understanding their biodiversity. Genetica 142, 127–139 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-014-9760-y

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