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Genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of Gossypium mustelinum, a wild relative of cotton, in the basin of the De Contas River in Bahia, Brazil

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Abstract

Gossypium mustelinum is a wild cotton relative found only in the semiarid region of Bahia state in Brazil, and changes caused by humans in the natural habitat of this species have endangered the existence of several natural populations. Information about the occurrence and genetic composition of these populations is necessary to design effective conservation measures. The aim of this study was to characterize the in situ maintenance mode and assess the genetic diversity of G. mustelinum populations in the basin of the De Contas River. A sample of 205 G. mustelinum specimens was collected from the margins of the Jacaré, Riacho Quixaba, Riacho Serra Azul, and Riacho Riachão rivers and genotyped using 13 SSR primer pairs. In general, all G. mustelinum populations exhibit inadequate in situ maintenance, predominantly due to the deforestation of riparian vegetation and herbivory. The observed total genetic diversity of G. mustelinum was significant (H E = 0.489), highly structured (F ST = 0.534), and organized in homozygous genotypes (F IS = 0.873). The high observed inbreeding level is consistent with the predominance of self-fertilization and geitonogamy (t m = 0.234). In addition, the pattern of genetic structure tended to form groups that coincided with the collection sites, i.e., first clustering within subpopulations, then within populations, and finally within the closest populations. Thus, the observed genetic diversity is likely to be rapidly lost, and conservation measures should therefore be undertaken.

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Acknowledgments

To Roberto Augusto Leal Guimarães for his assistance during the expedition. To Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) for financing support. To Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) for the doctoral scholarship to I. P. P. Menezes. Study conducted under authorization 13973 of the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Federal Goiano, Km 2.5, Urutaí, Goiás, 75790-000, Brazil

    Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de Menezes

  2. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-000, Brazil

    Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de Menezes & Fernanda Amato Gaiotto

  3. Embrapa Algodão, Núcleo do Cerrado, BR 153, Km 04, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001-970, Brazil

    Lucia Vieira Hoffmann & Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso

  4. Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70770-917, Brazil

    Ana Yamaguishi Ciampi

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  1. Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de Menezes
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  2. Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
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  3. Lucia Vieira Hoffmann
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  4. Ana Yamaguishi Ciampi
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  5. Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso
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Correspondence to Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso.

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de Menezes, I.P.P., Gaiotto, F.A., Hoffmann, L.V. et al. Genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of Gossypium mustelinum, a wild relative of cotton, in the basin of the De Contas River in Bahia, Brazil. Genetica 142, 99–108 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-014-9757-6

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