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Appraisal on human-elephant conflict in multifunctional landscape of the mayurjharna elephant reserve in India

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Abstract

Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve (MER) is one of the important Elephant Reserve (ER) in southern West Bengal, India. Dense forest, natural water bodies, human habitation, agricultural land, roads and more than 100 wild elephants are present in this elephant reserve. Due to increasing human population density and changing land-use patterns incessantly the naturally dwelling place of the wild elephants has been reduced a lot. As a result of the reduced dwelling spaces, the elephants sometimes enter into the human used areas for searching their basic requirements and then the conflict is started. This conflict is a complex interaction between human and elephant and it is a burning problem not only in the MER but also in southern West Bengal. This research article is an outcome of the empirical investigation to chalk out the spatio-temporal patterns of Human—Elephant Conflict (HEC) in the MER and to yield information helpful for HEC mitigation and elephant conservation. The identified forms of HEC in the MER are elephant threat, crop raiding, property damage, injury to people, human death, elephant death, elephant injury, and livestock death. Here elephant threat is considered as indirect and the rest forms are considered as direct impact of HEC. Among them the elephant threat is counted for the highest number of incidents (60.36%), followed by crop raiding (33.58%), property damage (3.40%), human injury (0.85%), human death (0.74%), elephant death (0.43%), livestock death (0.53%) and elephant injury (0.11%). A dataset on HEC incidents (N = 941) occurred by wild elephants which were collected from the villages within this ER during the survey period (2020–2021). Here the HEC arises throughout the year, but in October (27.95%) and November (24.87%) months having the highest number of incidents. Most of the crop raiding events (51%) occur at a distance of less than 1.0 km far from the dense forest and such events were gradually decreased in respect of increasing distance from the MER. Descriptive statistics, correlation (r), One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to explain the HEC patterns of the concerned study area. Arc GIS 10.6 software was also used for the preparation of land use and land cover (LULC) map and conflict risk map through Kernel Density Estimation Model (KDEM).

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(Source: Field survey, 2020–2021)

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(Source: Field survey, 2021)

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(Source: Tamal Mahata, December, 2021, Jhargram)

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Data availability

The data utilized in this study has been acquired from the freely available source.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to the Wildlife Wing, Directorate of Forests, Government of West Bengal, and the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India, for sharing the annual reports. The authors would like to thanks to the USGS for providing satellite imagery. Along with these, the authors also acknowledge their special thanks to Prof. Gopa Samanta, The University of Burwan, to conduct the study in a right way. The authors would also like to thanks to Tamal Mahata for providing the photographs.

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  1. Research Scholar, Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India

    Utpal Panja & Biswaranjan Mistri

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Panja, U., Mistri, B. Appraisal on human-elephant conflict in multifunctional landscape of the mayurjharna elephant reserve in India. GeoJournal 88, 4717–4740 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-023-10886-7

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