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Volcanic hazard knowledge and preparedness of small island community on the flank of Gamalama volcano Ternate Island–Indonesia

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Abstract

A study of volcanic hazard knowledge and preparedness of communities living on the flanks of Gamalama Volcano, on the small island Ternate, was conducted in January–February 2019. A total of 1265 respondents participated in a questionnaire-based survey using 42 questions to inquire about community knowledge of natural disasters and volcanic hazards, community preparedness, and the correlation between community knowledge and preparedness. The results showed that the majority of respondents selected from the small island community had good knowledge of natural disasters and volcanic hazards and were also well-prepared. There are positive correlations between knowledge of natural disasters and volcanic hazards; the latter is also positively linked to preparedness. Long experience in dealing with the eruptions of Gamalama in the past has raised local people’s awareness of volcanic hazards, which in turn increases their preparedness. Such understanding and preparedness are inseparable from the abundant dissemination channels of details on eruption threats and risks on Ternate Island, including televisions, the internet, radios, government officials, and non-governmental organizations.

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Note: Respondents were able to check more than one answer; therefore, percentages do not total 100%

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Note: Respondents were able to check more than one answer; therefore, percentages do not total 100%

Fig. 4

Note: Respondents were able to check more than one answer; therefore, percentages do not total 100%

Fig. 5

Note: Respondents were able to check more than one answer; therefore, percentages do not total 100%

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Acknowledgements

Agung Hidayat and Danang Sri Hadmoko acknowledges the Research Directorate of Universitas Gadjah Mada and UGM Reputation Improvement Team towards World Class University—UGM Quality Assurance Office, for funding this research (6144/UN1.P.III/DIT-LIT/PT/2021). The authors would like to show gratitude to Sukardi, I. Akbar, J. Udin, M. Salimin, Azrin, Z. Hamli, and N. Folasimo for participating in the field survey; Communities in Ternate Island; H. Asmara, Y. Inka, and D. Cak-Nan for their song that support and encouragement during the writing process. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions.

Funding

This research was part of postdoctoral research of Agung Hidayat in Universitas Gadjah Mada, supported by 2021 Postdoctoral Grant (6144/UN1.P.III/DIT-LIT/PT/2021) from Research Directorate of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Bulak Sumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Agung Hidayat, Danang Sri Hadmoko, Muh Aris Marfai & Bachtiar Wahyu Mutaqin

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia

    Agung Hidayat

  3. Research Centre of Environment, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia

    Agung Hidayat

  4. Indonesian Geospatial Agency, Cibinong, Bogor, 16912, Indonesia

    Muh Aris Marfai

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  1. Agung Hidayat
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Contributions

AH designed the study with input from DSH, MAM and BWM. AH and MAM conducted fieldwork. DSH and BWM were responsible for data analysis. The manuscript was written by AH with contributions from all authors.

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Correspondence to Danang Sri Hadmoko.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee of the Republic of Indonesia.

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Hidayat, A., Hadmoko, D.S., Marfai, M.A. et al. Volcanic hazard knowledge and preparedness of small island community on the flank of Gamalama volcano Ternate Island–Indonesia. GeoJournal 88, 1251–1263 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10682-9

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