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Assessment of land-use change and its impact on the environment using GIS techniques: a case of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, West Bengal, India

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Abstract

It is axiomatically true that urbanization in India's metropolises and large cities has been exacerbated since the beginning of the millennium, consuming the natural and semi-natural ecosystem on the outskirts of the city, resulting in a zone with a distinct climate known as urban climate. Such a climate—the result of a built-up environment is distinctly different from the natural climate as the paved surface and concrete skyscrapers not only destroy the natural ecosystem, it peculiarly induce a different kind of insolation, cooling and air drainage were lacking in green space, water bodies and open space cannot accommodate with environmental rhythm properly, resulting into the accumulation of heat, ecological derangement of subsurface soil which can easily be predicted by GIS analysis. This paper is an attempt to measure urban growth and its impact on the environment in the metropolitan city Kolkata. The use of satellite data and GIS techniques to detect urban expansion is a highly scientific strategy. Using geospatial techniques, the current study attempts to examine major urban changes in Kolkata and its surroundings from 1988 to 2021. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI temporal data are used to identify land-use change through unsupervised classification; Spectral Radiance Model and Split Window Algorithm method are used for identifying land surface temperature change. SRTM DEM (30 m) has been used to identify flood risk zones and several spectral indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index are a further extension for environmental assessment. By all such suitable methods, a clearer change in an urban environment is detected within the period of 33 years (1988–2021). The result shows that the population changes, vegetation cover and built-up area, and accessibility are at a rapid rate. These changes are causing major environmental degradation in the city. The classification result indicates that appropriate land use planning and environmental monitoring are required for the long-term exploitation of these resources.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank NASA for the DEM, USGS for Landsat imageries without which, it is not possible to find such applicable results. The authors also pay their sincere vote of thanks to them for building up the cognitive background to carry out such work. They are seriously thankful to the UGC for encouragement as Junior Research Fellow (JRF) to carry out the novel work.

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  1. Department of Geography and Applied Geography, University of North Bengal, Darjiling, 734013, India

    Mst Tania Parveen

  2. Jamaldaha Balapukuri Primary School, Cooch Behar, 735304, India

    Rahaman Ashique Ilahi

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Parveen, M.T., Ilahi, R.A. Assessment of land-use change and its impact on the environment using GIS techniques: a case of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, West Bengal, India. GeoJournal 87 (Suppl 4), 551–566 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10581-z

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