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Ultrasonic Analysis of Artificial Cementation Effects on Tropical Clay Soils

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Abstract

Soil–cement mixtures have practical applications in geotechnical engineering. Peculiarities associated with the stiffness and strength gains over the curing time provided by cementation need to be investigated, especially for tropical soils. Few studies investigated mixtures of tropical soils and high early strength Portland cement, in order to understand the changes in physical and mechanical properties associated with mineralogical and microstructural alterations caused by artificial cementation. This work aimed to study the effects of cementation on a tropical clay soil using ultrasonic method and to correlate the results with those of other tests. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) was evaluated for the natural soil and mixtures of soil with different cement contents (1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%), after different curing times, based on propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves. Mineralogical and microstructural analyses, geotechnical characterization, resilient modulus (RM) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, and physical–chemical investigation through volumetric variation were also developed. The ultrasonic response revealed direct effects of cementation on micromorphology, plasticity and granulometry. A microstructure with larger pores was transformed into a dense structure with particles bonded by cementitious compounds. This change provided new paths for the propagation of ultrasonic waves (UPV increases exceeded fourfold for a cement content of 7%) and greater mechanical resistance to the application of cyclic and static loads. Nearly linear increases in UPV, UCS and RM were observed with the addition of cement. A good linear relationship was observed between the values of UPV and RM (R2 > 0.8968) or UCS (R2 > 0.8925).

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the funding support provided by CAPES to this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570900, Brazil

    Géssica Soares Pereira, Roberto Lopes Ferraz, Taciano Oliveira da Silva & Gustavo Henrique Nalon

  2. Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036900, Brazil

    Heraldo Nunes Pitanga

  3. Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, 17033360, Brazil

    Roger Augusto Rodrigues

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  1. Géssica Soares Pereira
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  2. Heraldo Nunes Pitanga
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  3. Roberto Lopes Ferraz
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Correspondence to Géssica Soares Pereira.

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Pereira, G.S., Pitanga, H.N., Ferraz, R.L. et al. Ultrasonic Analysis of Artificial Cementation Effects on Tropical Clay Soils. Geotech Geol Eng 42, 2529–2553 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02690-4

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