Abstract
In the field of onshore and offshore structures, plate anchors are widely used due to their simplicity and cost-effective installation. So, extensive attention has been devoted to understanding the behavior of plate anchors when exposed to combined loads due to their widespread use. However, most prior research has predominantly concentrated on deeply embedded horizontal anchors, leaving a gap in understanding the behavior of vertical plate anchors. Additionally, the effect of embedment depth on the response of horizontal and vertical anchors under combined loadings also needs to be investigated. To bridge this knowledge gap, this paper utilizes Finite Element (FE) analysis to explore the impact of anchor embedment and geometry on failure envelopes. A new design method considering anchor-soil interaction is proposed through validating FE results with available numerical results. Additionally, we found that in symmetrical loading planes, the shape and size of these envelopes remain unaffected by embedment depth. However, in asymmetrical loading planes, the failure envelope changes its shape from asymmetrical to symmetrical at D/B ≥ 2. Our results reveal that as the width-thickness ratio (B/t) increases from 7 to 20, the sliding capacity decreases by 36%. Moreover, transitioning from a smooth to a rough interface condition results in a remarkable 50% increase in sliding capacity. This comprehensive study significantly enhances our understanding of plate anchors' behavior and paves the way for more informed and effective structural designs in various applications.
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Data availability
Data are available upon request from the author.
Abbreviations
- B:
-
Anchor width
- D:
-
Anchor embedment
- t:
-
Anchor thickness
- D/B:
-
Anchor embedment ratio
- E:
-
Young modulus
- Su :
-
Untrained shear strength
- γ:
-
Unit weight
- V:
-
Normal load
- H:
-
Sliding load
- M:
-
Rotational load
- Vult :
-
Ultimate normal load capacity
- Hult :
-
Ultimate sliding load capacity
- Mult :
-
Ultimate rotational load capacity
- Vmax :
-
Maximum normal load capacity
- Hmax :
-
Maximum sliding load capacity
- Mmax :
-
Maximum rotational load capacity
- Nv :
-
Normal capacity factor
- Ns :
-
Sliding capacity factor
- Nm :
-
Rotational capacity factor
- Nv0 :
-
Ultimate normal capacity factor
- Ns0 :
-
Ultimate sliding capacity factor
- Nm0 :
-
Ultimate rotational capacity factor
- u:
-
Normal translation
- h:
-
Sliding translation
- β:
-
Rotational translation
- αv,αh,αm:
-
Exponents in Eq. (9)
- βv,βh:
-
Constants in Eq. (9)
- c1,c2,c3 :
-
Constants in Eqs.(9) & (10)
- ec :
-
Ecentricity
- R:
-
Ratio
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Islam, M.S., Al-Amin, M., Tajnin, M.R. et al. Response of Anchors in Undrained Soil Under Combined Loading. Geotech Geol Eng 42, 2107–2125 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02664-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02664-6