Abstract
The characteristics of railway subgrade mud pumping is that the subgrade soil forms mud and migrates upward along the pores of the track bed under the train load. The migration of fine particles will not only cause ballast fouling and reduce the elasticity of the ballast, but also lead to the reduction of the subgrade strength and the uneven settlement of the track, which seriously threatens driving safety. In this paper, the self-developed fine particle migration test device was used to conduct tests on saturated silty clay, and the effects of different cyclic loading amplitudes and initial dry densities of subgrade soil on the characteristics of fine particle migration were analyzed. Based on Computed Tomography (CT) scanning technology, the migration characteristics of fine particles in saturated silty clay under cyclic loading were studied from a mesoscopic perspective. The results show that with the increase in loading time, the mass of migrated fine particles increases nonlinearly, and the increase rate gradually reduces. The maximum mass of migrated fine particles increases with the increase of the cyclic loading amplitude, and decreases with the increase of the initial dry density of the subgrade soil. Finally, based on the test results, an evolution equation of fine particle migration mass under cyclic loading is established, and the accuracy and applicability of the evolution equation were verified by several groups of fine particle migration test data.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.
References
Bendahmane F, Marot D, Alexis A (2008) Experimental parametric study of suffusion and backward erosion. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 134(1):57–67. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:1(57)
Cao G, Wang X, He CD (2023) Dynamic analysis of a laterally loaded rectangular pile in multilayered viscoelastic soil. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 165:107695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107695
Duong TV, Cui YJ, Tang AM, Dupla JC, Canou J, Calon N, Robinet A, Chabot B, Laure ED (2014a) Physical model for studying the migration of fine particles in the railway substructure. Geotechn Test J 37(5):20130145. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20130145
Duong TV, Cui YJ, Tang AM, Dupla JC, Canou J, Calon N, Robinet A (2014b) Investigating the mud pumping and interlayer creation phenomena in railway sub-structure. Eng Geol 171:45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.12.016
Haque A, Kabir E, Bouazza A (2007) Cyclic filtration apparatus for testing subballast under rail track. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 133(3):338–341. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:3(338)
Hussaini SKK, Indraratna B, Vinod JS (2016) A laboratory investigation to assess the functioning of railway ballast with and without geogrids. Transportation Geotechnics 6:45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.02.001
Indraratna B, Ngo NT, Rujikiatkamjorn C (2011) Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels of fouling. Geotext Geomembr 29(3):313–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.01.015
Indraratna B, Singh M, Nguyen TT (2020) The mechanism and effects of subgrade fluidisation under ballasted railway tracks. Railway Eng Sci 28(2):113–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-020-00210-1
Liu KW, Qiu RZ, Su Q, Ni PP, Liu B, Gao J, Wang TF (2021) Suffusion response of well graded gravels in roadbed of non-ballasted high speed railway. Construction Build Mater 284:122848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122848
Kermani B, Xiao M, Stoffels SM, Qiu T (2019) Measuring the migration of subgrade fine particles into subbase using scaled accelerated flexible pavement testing-a laboratory study. Road Mater Pavement Des 20(1):36–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1374995
Leng WM, Su Y, Teng JD, Nie RS, Zhao CY (2018) Analysis and evaluation on physical characteristics of fine-grained soils prone to mud pumping. J China Railway Soc 40(01):116–122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2018.01.018
Machii K (1978) Mud pumping on tracks-present state and countermeasures. Japan Railway Eng 1978:17
Ni XD, Zuo XY, Sun DM, Liu Z (2018) Study on the piping erosion in levee foundation by sand box model test. Adv Eng Sci 50(02):24–31. https://doi.org/10.15961/j.jsuese.201700849
Nie RS, Leng WM, Su Y, Guo YP (2018) Physical and mechanical properties of mud pumping soils in railway subgrade bed. J Southwest Jiaotong Univ 53(02):286–295. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2018.02.010
Seghir A, Benamar A, Wang H (2014) Effects of fine particles on the suffusion of cohesionless soils: experiments and modeling. Transp Porous Media 103(2):233–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0299-2
Selig ET, Waters JM (1994) Track geotechnology and substructure management. Thomas Telford, London
Shen H (2016) Study on fluid-solid coupling theroy of gravelly soil influenced by internal erosion and its engineering application. PhD Thesis, Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Si JF (2009) Treatment of mud pumping of expansive soil subgrade in Yanzhou—Shijiu Line. Railway Standard Des 5:9–11. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-2954.2009.05.004
Sun QD, Indraratna B, Nimbalkar S (2016) Deformation and degradation mechanisms of railway ballast under high frequency cyclic loading. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 142(1):04015056. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001375
Trani LDO, Indraratna B (2010a) Assessment of subballast filtration under cyclic loading. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 136(11):1519–1528. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000384
Trani LDO, Indraratna B (2010b) Experimental investigations into subballast filtrations behaviour under cyclic conditions. Aust Geomech 45(3):123–133.
Xiao FY, Su Q, Zhang Q, Shao K, Chen C, Huang ZC (2020) Experimental study on the treatment of railway subgrade mud-pumping by electrochemical reinforcement method. Railw Eng 60(10):94–98
Xu BL (1963) Mud pumping and prevention. People's Railway Publishing House.
Yang XA, Gao YL (2004) GPR inspection for Shanghai—Nanjing Railway trackbed. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 23(1):116–119. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.01.022
Yang ZH (2015) Research on the mechanism of mud pumping of heavy haul-railways. PhD Thesis, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University.
Yao BH (2012) Research on variable mass fluid-solid coupling dynamic theory of broken rock mass and application. PhD Thesis, China University of Mining and Technology.
Zhang S, Gao F, Chen QL, Sheng DC (2020) Experimental study of fine particles migration mechanism of sand-silt mixtures under train load. Rock Soil Mech 41(05): 1591–1598. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2019.0690
Funding
The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51978674), and Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China National Railway Group Corporation Limited (L2022G002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ding, Y., Jia, Y., Zong, Z. et al. Study on the Fine Particle Migration Characteristics of Silty Clay Under Cyclic Loading. Geotech Geol Eng 41, 4549–4558 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02532-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02532-3