Abstract
Soil behavior at the intersection of a main tunnel and a cross passage is a complex, three-dimensional problem and only three-dimensional methods can provide a complete analysis of the stresses and displacements occurring in the environment surrounding the opening. The present study uses the finite element software CESAR LCPC V5 in order to investigate the surface settlement and the extent of the plastic zone generated after the excavation of a cross passage from the main tunnel. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed using different parameters such as the soil's cohesion, its young's modulus, and its friction angle, as well as different buried depth and different junction tunnel’s diameter. The results showed that the excavation of the cross passage has a significant impact on the main tunnel and the earth's surface. In comparison to the current section, the plastic zone in the intersection region was substantially larger. Moreover, the plastic zones were mainly located towards the tunnel sidewalls.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The in situ measurements analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Alagha ASN, Chapman DN (2019) Numerical modelling of tunnel face stability in homogeneous and layered soft ground. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 94:103096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103096
Bahar R, Akchiche M, Derriche Z (1999) Analyse des tassements en surface induits par le creusement d’une galerie dans des marnes. In: International conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, pp 1211–1214
Beer G, Watson JO, Swoboda G (1987) Three-dimensional analysis of tunnels using infinite boundary elements. Comput Geotech 3:37–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(87)90031-0
Chakeri H, Ozcelik Y, Unver B (2013) Effects of important factors on surface settlement prediction for metro tunnel excavated by EPB. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 36:14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.02.002
Chortis F, Kavvadas M (2021) Three-dimensional numerical analyses of perpendicular tunnel intersections. Geotech Geol Eng 39:1771–1793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01587-w
Do NA, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I (2014) Three-dimensional numerical simulation for mechanized tunneling in soft ground: the influence of the joint pattern. Acta Geotech 9:673–694
Gakis A, Flynn S, Nasekhian A, Spyridis P (2016) The role of inverse analysis in tunnel design. In: Crossrail project: infrastructure design and construction. ICE publishing. 3: 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1680/cpid.61293.079
Gerçek H (1986) Stability considerations for underground excavation intersections. Min Sci Technol 4:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9031(86)90194-5
Golshani A, Joneidi M, Majidian S (2016) 3D numerical modeling for construction of tunnels intersections-case study of Hakim tunnel. Jpn Geotech Soc Spec Publ 2:1523–1527. https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.IRN-15
Hoek E, Brown ET (1996) Underground excavations in rock. CRC Press
Hsiao FY, Yu CW, Chern JC (2004) Feedback analysis on stability of intersection area of seven tunnels based on monitoring and construction data. J Rock Mech Eng 23:5012–5018
Hsiao FY, Wang CL, Chern JC (2009) Numerical simulation of rock deformation for support design in tunnel intersection area. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 24:14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.01.003
Joneidi M, Golshani A, Naeimifar I (2019) Progressive deformation and mechanical behavior of intersecting tunnels in soft ground. In: Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers-ground improvement. 172: 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.18.00073
Jones BD (2007) Stresses in sprayed concrete tunnel junctions. Dissertation, University of Southampton
Ke W, Shuaishuai C, Qianjin Z, Zheng Z, Jiahui Z, Yalin Y (2019) Mechanical mechanism analysis and influencing factors of subway cross passage construction. Lat Am J Sol Struct. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78255512
Kim K, Oh JY, Lee H, Kim D, Choi H (2018) Critical face pressure and backfill pressure in shield TBM tunneling on soft ground. Geomech Eng 15:823–831
Kuyt WJ (2014) Observed loading behavior during cross passage construction for Brisbane airport link project. Dissertation, University of Colorado School of Mines
Lee GTK (2003) Three-dimensional numerical studies of “NATM” tunneling in stiff clay. Dissertation, University of Hong Kong of science and technology
Li Y, Jin X, Lv Z, Dong J, Guo J (2016) Deformation and mechanical characteristics of tunnel lining in tunnel intersection between subway station tunnel and construction tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 56:22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.02.016
Liu H, Li S, Li L, Zhang Q (2017) Study on deformation behavior at intersection of adit and major tunnel in railway. KSCE J Civ Eng 21:2459–2466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-2128-y
Liu HY, Small JC, Carter JP (2008) Effects of tunneling on existing support systems of intersecting tunnels in the sydney region. Australien centre for geomechanics. https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/808_150
Mollon G (2012) Etude déterministe et probabiliste du comportement des tunnels. Dissertation, INSA de Lyon
Panet M, Givet P, Guilloux A, Duc J, Piraud J, Wong H (2001) The convergence–confinement method. Press ENPC
Reza BGM, Reza NM, Ali U (2014) Effect of engineering geological characteristics of Tehran’s recent alluvia on ground settlement due to tunneling. 4: 185–199
Sjöberg J, Perman F, Leander M, Saiang D (2006) Three-dimensional analysis of tunnel intersections for a train tunnel under Stockholm. North American tunneling conference
Spyridis P, Bergmeister K (2015) Analysis of lateral openings in tunnel linings. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 50:376–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.08.005
Spyridis P, Nasekhian A, Skalla G (2013) Design of SCL structures in London/Entwurf von Tunnelbauwerken in Spritzbeton-Bauweise am Beispiel London. Geomech Tunn 6:66–80
Spyridis P, Feiersinger A, Nasekhian A (2014) Structural interactions in London underground upgrade projects: the Tottenham court road station overbridges. Struct Eng Int 24:544–550
Strauss A, Bien J, Neuner H, Harmening C, Seywald C, Österreicher M, Voit K, Pistone E, Spyridis P, Bergmeister K (2020) Sensing and monitoring in tunnels testing and monitoring methods for the assessment of tunnels. Struct Concr 21:1356–1376
Unlu T, Gercek H (2003) Effect of Poisson’s ratio on the normalized radial displacements occurring around the face of a circular tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 18:547–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(03)00086-5
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.
Ethical Approval
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Siad, I., Akchiche, M. & Spyridis, P. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Cross Passage Excavation on Surface Settlement. Geotech Geol Eng 41, 4071–4082 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02508-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02508-3