Abstract
This paper reports a typical case history of deep braced excavation for constructing the main bridge cushion cap of the Yangwan River Bridge to explore the excavation performance under embankment surcharge load. Three-dimensional finite difference analysis, simulating the whole construction process of this case history, was performed to capture the effects of the embankment–excavation distance, revel level, and excavation bottom sealing on the responses of the earth retaining structure and the ground. It was found that both the ground surface settlement and the retaining structure deformation are larger on the near-embankment side than the far-embankment side. The responses on the near-embankment side are more sensitive to the embankment–excavation distance and the river level. However, the effects of these parameters diminish greatly when the embankment–excavation distance exceeds 1.5 times the excavation depth. The excavation bottom sealing measures can reduce the retaining structure deformation, and effectively restrain basal heave. This restraint weakens as the excavation bottom sealing thickness exceeds 1 m.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.
References
Deliveris AV, Theocharis AI, Koukouzas NC, Zevgolis IE (2022) Numerical slope stability analysis of deep excavations under rainfall infiltration. Geotech Geol Eng 40:4023–4039
Dong YP, Burd HJ, Houlsby GT (2016) Finite-element analysis of a deep excavation case history. Géotechnique 66(1):1–15
Guo P, Gong X, Wang Y (2019) Displacement and force analyses of braced structure of deep excavation considering unsymmetrical surcharge effect. Comput Geotech 113:103102
Guo P, Gong X, Wang Y, Lin H, Zhao Y (2021a) Minimum cover depth estimation for underwater shield tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 115:104027
Guo P, Liu F, Lei G, Li X, Zhu C-w, Wang Y, Lu M, Cheng K, Gong X (2021b) Predicting response of constructed tunnel to adjacent excavation with dewatering. Geofluids 2021:5548817
Guo P, Gong X, Wang Y, Lin H, Zhao Y (2023) Analysis of observed performance of a deep excavation straddled by shallowly buried pressurized pipelines and underneath traversed by planned tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 132:104946
Li H, Tong L, Liu S (2018) Effect of excavation unloading on p-y curves for laterally loaded piles. Comput Geotech 104:131–139
Lim A, Ou C-Y (2018) Performance and three-dimensional analyses of a wide excavation in soft soil with strut-free retaining system. Int J Geomech 18(9):05018007
Liu X, Liu S (2012) Study on deformation characteristics of deep foundation excavation in soft-soil and the response of different retaining configurations. Geotech Geol Eng 30:313–329
Liu Y, Xiang B, Fu M (2019b) Influence of dewatering in deep excavation on adjacent pile considering water insulation effect of retaining structures. Geotech Geol Eng 37:5123–5130
Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Jiang P, Wang Z, Wang X, Gui D (2022) Numerical simulation and field monitoring of deformation characteristics of TRD composite supporting structure for deep foundation pit in quaternary stratum: a case study in Qingdao. Geotech Geol Eng 40:2691–2703
Liu K, Ariaratnam ST, Zhang P, Chen X, Wang J, Ma B, Zhang Y, Feng X, Xu T (2023) Mechanical response of diaphragm wall supporting deep launch shaft induced by braced excavation and pipe jacking operation. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 134:104998
Liu Y, Xiang B, Fu M (2019a) Observed performance of a large-scale deep triangular excavation in Shanghai soft clays. Geotech Geol Eng 37:2791–2809
Mandala V, Patel KA, Chavda JT (2023) Numerical investigations on response of multistorey building frames subjected to adjacent unsupported excavations. Geotech Geol Eng 41:1223–1245
Rashidi F, Shahir H (2019) Numerical investigation of anchored soldier pile wall performance in the presence of surcharge. Int J Geotech Eng 13(2):162–171
Sun Y, Xiao H (2016) Construction technology of floor slab for deep and large top–down excavation in soft clay. Geotech Geol Eng 34:1941–1954
Wang Y, Chen S, Ouyang J, Li J, Zhao Y, Lin H, Guo P (2022) Predicting ground surface settlements induced by deep excavation under embankment surcharge load in flood detention zone. Water 14(23):3868
Wei G, Zhou X-X, Xu Y-F, Zhang L, Zhang X-H (2020) Deformation behavior of deep foundation pit under both overloading and unloading conditions. Math Probl Eng 2020:6675531
Xu CJ, Yin M, Lin G (2013) Characters analysis of the retaining structure of the foundation pit under local load. Appl Mech Mat 477–478:448–452
Xu P, Han Y, Duan H, Fang S (2015) Environmental effects induced by deep subway foundation pit excavation in Yellow River alluvial landforms. Geotech Geol Eng 33:1587–1594
Yu F, Kou H-l, Guo Y-b, Xie Z-b (2021) Response of shaft friction along existing piles to deep excavation. Geotech Geol Eng 39:2487–2501
Acknowledgements
This research work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51774107, 42077249), the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology (KFJJ21-03Z, KFJJ23-05M, KFJJ23-04M).
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Ouyang, J., Guo, P. et al. Performance of Deep Braced Excavation Under Embankment Surcharge Load. Geotech Geol Eng 41, 3575–3586 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02474-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02474-w