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Application of Constant Rate of Strain Tests in Consolidation Analysis of the Band-Shaped Prefabricated Vertical Drains for Vietnam Clays: The Validation Analysis

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Abstract

Band-shaped prefabricated vertical drains in the combination of surcharge preloading have been widely applied in the soft ground improvement cases in Vietnam to eliminate the post-construction settlement of the ground. However, the method of the settlement prediction has remained incorrect on the comparison between the field and calculation. A new procedure for consolidation analysis is proposed to determine the ground settlement more accurately in the routine design of the soft ground improvement. Two case studies are presented to study the ground performance under consolidation with surcharge preloading. The consolidation analysis of the soft ground deposits with the application of the constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation tests is performed. In addition to that, the input parameters as the coefficient of consolidation and compression indices of the soft ground are characterized based on the CRS tests under the strain rate of 0.02%/min. on undisturbed soil samples that are taken at the two sites by stationary piston sampler. On the comparison of calculated and field monitored data of surface settlement, layered settlement, dissipation of the excess pore water pressure, and undrained strength gain, this analysis is also to confirm the appropriate strain rate for CRS tests, which are utilized in the determination of consolidation parameters.

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Abbreviations

CM:

Cai Mep site

CPTU (CPT):

Cone Penetration test with pore water pressure measurement

CRS:

Constant rate of strain consolidation test

ch (cm2/d):

Coefficient of horizontal consolidation

ch(OC) (cm2/d):

Coefficient of horizontal consolidation at over-consolidated state

ch(NC) (cm2/d):

Coefficient of horizontal consolidation at normally-consolidated state

cv (cm2/d):

Coefficient of vertical consolidation

cv(OC) (cm2/d):

Coefficient of vertical consolidation at over-consolidated state

cv(NC) (cm2/d):

Coefficient of vertical consolidation at normally-consolidated state

D (cm):

Distance of PVD

De (cm):

Equivalent diameter of unit cell

dw (cm):

Diameter of PVD

E:

Extensometer

EPC:

Earth pressure cell

e0 :

Initial void ratio

FDM:

Finite Difference Method

FVT (VST):

Field vane shear test

HP:

Hai Phong site

H0 :

Sub-layer thickness

IL:

Incremental loading consolidation test

n:

Sub-layer number

P:

Piezometer (Plate for Hai Phong site)

PHD:

Prefabricated horizontal drain

PVD:

Prefabricated vertical drain

PW:

Pumping well

qc (MPa):

Cone point resistance

qT (MPa):

Corrected cone point resistance

qNET (MPa):

Net cone point resistance

SP:

Stand pipe observation well

SS:

Settlement Plate

suf (kPa):

Field undrained shear strength

sun (kPa):

Undrained shear strength at the normally consolidated state

t (d):

Elaps time

U (%):

Degree of consolidation

ub (kPa):

Base pore pressure in CRS

u2 (kPa):

Pore pressure at cone shoulder

wn (%):

Natural water content

wl (or LL) (%):

Liquid Limit

wp (%):

Plastic Limit

σ′c (kPa):

Pre-consolidation pressure

σ′p (kPa):

Consolidation pressure where the compression index reduces

σv0 (kPa):

Total over-burdened stress

σ′v0 (kPa):

Effective over-burdened stress

σv (kPa):

Total consolidation stress

σ′v (kPa):

Effective consolidation stress

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from the Project Management Unit PMU85 of Vietnamese Ministry of Transportation, TOA Corporation, Toa-Toyo Joint Venture and his colleague, Dr. Suzuki, Koji, on the use of the laboratory and field data for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Institute of Water Resources Research (formerly geotechnical expert at TOA-TOYO Joint venture for Package 1: Cai Mep international container terminal, the construction of Cai-Mep Thi-Vai Port), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Cong-Oanh Nguyen

  2. Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thi-Thanh Tran

  3. Transportation College 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Van-Tram Thi Dao

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  1. Cong-Oanh Nguyen
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  2. Thi-Thanh Tran
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  3. Van-Tram Thi Dao
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Correspondence to Cong-Oanh Nguyen.

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Nguyen, CO., Tran, TT. & Dao, VT.T. Application of Constant Rate of Strain Tests in Consolidation Analysis of the Band-Shaped Prefabricated Vertical Drains for Vietnam Clays: The Validation Analysis. Geotech Geol Eng 39, 1877–1900 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01593-y

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