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Factors Affecting the Behaviour of Retaining Structures with Prestressed Anchorages Under 2D and 3D Conditions

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Abstract

Some basic factors which influence the behaviour of the anchored retaining structures are investigated and 2D analyses with three dimensional ones are compared. The parametric analysis under 2D conditions focuses on the influence of significant factors such as the normalized embedded depth of the wall, the resistance of the anchors, the free tendon length, the earth pressure coefficient at rest and the flexibility of the system, on the behaviour of the retaining structure. The analyses are performed in two groups for two representative soil types named S1 (weathered weak rock) and S2 (very stiff clay). Qualitative as well as quantitative conclusions are derived from the analyses concerning the influence of the above mentioned factors, mainly on the safety factor as well as on the displacements. The 3D analyses are carried out for various ratios L/H, where L is the length and H the height of the slope. Several trends are confirmed from the results concerning the influence of the above-mentioned factors. It is concluded that the triaxal conditions strongly affect the safety factor, as well as the distribution of horizontal and vertical displacements, mainly in the cases where the ratios L/H ≤ 2. Some serious deviations between 2D and 3D analyses are pointed out and the physical explanation of these differences is given for several cases.

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Abbreviations

B:

Width of the excavation

c:

Cohesion of the soil

D:

Embedded depth of the retaining piles

E:

Modulus of elasticity of the soil

FEM:

Finite element method

H:

Height of the slope

K:

Earth pressure coefficient at rest

L:

Length of the excavation

Lfree :

Free length of the anchors

Lfixed :

Fixed length of the anchors

Pi :

Prestress force of the anchor (lock-off load)

Rint :

Strength reduction factor at the interface

Ra,d :

Design resistance of the anchorages

SF:

Global safety factor

s:

Axial distance of the piles

sv :

Vertical distance of the anchors

SSR:

Shear strength reduction

ux, uy, uz :

Displacements in the direction x, y, z

β:

Inclination angle of the anchors

γ:

Bulk density of the soil

ν:

Poisson’s ratio

φ:

Angle of internal friction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Konstantina Papadopoulou & Alexandros Sofianos

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  1. Konstantina Papadopoulou
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  2. Alexandros Sofianos
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Correspondence to Konstantina Papadopoulou.

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Papadopoulou, K., Sofianos, A. Factors Affecting the Behaviour of Retaining Structures with Prestressed Anchorages Under 2D and 3D Conditions. Geotech Geol Eng 34, 1877–1887 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-9997-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-9997-6

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