Abstract
Peat commonly occurs as extremely soft, wet, unconsolidated surface deposits that are integral parts of wetland systems. Cement is widely used for the stabilization of peat by deep mixing method. This paper presents the results of the shear strength parameters of study models (fibrous, hemic and sapric peats stabilized with columns formed by dry mixing method). The columns were formed of peat treated with cement in different proportions. Triaxial test was performed after curing the samples for 28 days to evaluate the shear strength parameters. The results showed that the shear strength of peats can be improved significantly by the installation of cement stabilized soil columns. The amount of cement used to form the column and its diameter were observed to influence the strain–stress graph of peat reinforced. Furthermore, the result showed that the effect of cement was the highest on sapric peat due to its physico-chemical properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Åhnberg H (2006) Strength of stabilized soils: a laboratory study on clays and organic soils stabilized with different types of binder, Swedish deep stabilization research center. Linköping, Sweden, Report No. 16
American Society for Testing and Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards (1992) Philadelphia. PA, USA
Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309–319
BSI (1990) BSI British standards methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. BS 1377: Part 2, 3, 6 and 8
Edil TB, Dhowian AW (1981). At-rest lateral pressure of peat soils. In: Proceedings of the conference on sedimentation and consolidation model. ASCE, San Fransisco, pp 411–424
Edil TB, Wang X (2000) Shear strength and k0 of peats and organic soils. Geotechnics of high water content materials. ASTM STP 1374, West Conshohocken, PA
Euro Soil Stab (2002) Development of design and construction methods to stabilize soft organic soils: design guide soft soil stabilization, industrial and materials technologies programme (Brite- EuRam III), European Commission. CT97-0351, Project No. BE 96-3177, pp 15–60
Gillman GP, Sumpter EA (1986) Modification to compulsive exchange method for measuring exchange characteristics of soils. Austrian J Soil Res 24:61–66
Hashim R, Islam MS (2008) Properties of stabilized peat by soil-cement column method. Electron J Geotech Eng 13(J):1–9. http://www.ejge.com/2008/Ppr0897/Ppr0897.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2009
Hebib S, Farrell ER (2003) Some experiences on the stabilization of Irish peats. Can Geotech J 40(1):107–120
Holm G (1999) Applications of dry mix methods for deep soil stabilization. In: Proceedings of the international conference on dry mix methods for deep soil stabilization. Stockholm, pp 3–13
Holm G (2000) Deep mixing-soft ground technology. Geotechnical Special Publication No. 112, ASCE, Reston, VA
Huat BBK (2004) Organic and peat soil engineering, 1st edn. University Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang
Huat BBK, Kazemian S, Prasad A, Barghchi M (2011a) A state of art review of peat from general perspective. Int J Phys Sci 6(8):1988–1996
Huat BBK, Kazemian S, Prasad A, Barghchi M (2011b) A study of the compressibility behavior of peat stabilized by DMM: lab model and FE analysis. Sci Res Essays J 6(1):196–204
Janz M, Johansson SE (2002) The function of different binding agents in deep stabilization. Swedish deep stabilization research centre, Report No. 9, pp 9–11
Kazemian S, Prasad A, Huat BBK, Barghchi M (2011a) A state of art review of peat from engineering perspective. Int J Phys Sci 6(8):1974–1981
Kazemian S, Prasad A, Huat BBK, Bolouri BJ, Farah NAA, Thamer AM (2011b) Influence of cement-sodium silicate grout admixed with calcium chloride and kaolinite on sapric peat. J Civil Eng Manag 17(3):309–318. doi:10.3846/13923730.2011.589209
Kazemian S, Prasad A, Huat BBK, Bolouri BJ, Farah NAA, Thamer AM (2011c) Effect of aggressive pH media on peat treated by cement and sodium silicate grout. J Central South Univ Technol 18(3):840–847. doi:10.1007/s11771-011-0771-x
MacFarlane IC (1969) Engineering characteristics of peat. In: McFarlane IC (ed) Muskeg engineering handbook. University of Toronto Press, Canada, pp 78–126
Mesri G, Ajlouni M (2007) Engineering properties of fibrous peats. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 133(7):850–866
Moore PD (1989) The ecology of peat forming processes. Int J Coal Geol 12:89–103
Santamarina JC, Klein KA, Wang YH, Prencke E (2002) Specific surface area: determination and relevance. Can Geotech J 39:233–241
von Post L (1922) Sveriges geologiska undersoknings torvinventering och nagre av dess hittills vunna resultat. Sr. Mosskulturfor 1:1–27
Yang SD, Yagihashi JN, Yoshizawa SS (1998) Dry jet mixing for stabilization of very soft soils and organic soils. Geotechnical Special Publication No. 81, ASCE, Reston, VA
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation, Malaysia (Project No. 03-01-04-SF0889) for the financial support to the research group.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kazemian, S., Huat, B.B.K. & Moayedi, H. Undrained Shear Characteristics of Tropical Peat Reinforced with Cement Stabilized Soil Column. Geotech Geol Eng 30, 753–759 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9492-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9492-7