Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental Investigation of Cement Treated Sand Behavior Under Triaxial Test

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, an experimental investigation of cement treated sand is performed under triaxial tests in order to quantify the effects of cementation on the stress–strain behavior, stiffness and shear strength. Samples were cured up to 180 days. The results show that the stress–strain behavior of cemented sands is nonlinear with contractive–dilative stages. The stress–strain response is strongly influenced by effective confining pressure and cement content. Stiffness and strength are greatly improved by an increase in binder content. An increase of the angle of shearing resistance and cohesion intercept with increasing cement content is observed consistently. Brittle behavior is observed at low confining pressure and high cement content. After yielding, the increase in the dilatancy accelerates. Two competing related processes determine the peak strength: Bond breakages cause a strength reduction but the associated dilatancy leads to a strength increase. This finding and the experimental observation that the dilatancy at the peak state increases with increasing cement content explain why the measured peak-state strength parameters, c′ and φp′, are relevant to the binder content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahnberg H (2006) Strength of stabilized soils: a laboratory study on clays and organic soils stabilized with different types of binder, Doctoral Thesis, Lund University, Sweden

  • ASTM C150-07 (2007) Standard Specification for Portland Cement

  • ASTM D1632-07 (2007) Standard practice for making and curing soil-cement compression and flexure test specimens in the laboratory

  • ASTM D2166-06 (2006) Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil

  • ASTM D4767-11 (2011) Standard test method for consolidated undrained triaxial compression test for cohesive soils

  • Avramidis A, Sexena SK (1985) Behavior of cemented-stabilized sands under static and dynamic loads, Report No. IIT-CE85-01, Department of Civil Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago

  • Beeghly JH (2003) Recent experiences with lime: fly ash stabilization of pavement subgrade soils, base, and recycled asphalt. In: International ash utilization symposium, University of Kentuchy, Center for Applied Energy Research, Lexington, KY, Oct 20–22

  • Boynton R (1980) Chemistry and technology of lime and limestone. Wiley, New York

  • Bruce D, Bruce M (2003) The practitioner’s guide to deep mixing. Grouting and ground treatment. In: Proceedings of the third international conference, geotechnical special publication No. 120. Edited by American Society of Civil Engineers, pp 475–488

  • Chew SH, Kamruzzaman AHM, Lee FH (2004) Physicochemical and engineering behavior of cement treated clays. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 130(7):696–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Consoli NC, Prietto DM, Ulbrich LA (1998) Influence of fiber and cement addition on behavior of sandy soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 124:1211–1214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuccovillo T, Coop MR (1997) Yielding and pre-failure deformation of structured sands. Géotechnique 47(3):491–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuccovillo T, Coop MR (1999) On the mechanics of structured sands. Geotechnique 49(6):741–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dano C (2004) Engineering properties of grouted sands 328/J Geotech Geo Environ Eng © ASCE/March 2004

  • Gray DH, Tons E, Thiruvengadam TR (1994) Performance evaluation of a cement-stabilized fly ash base. Transportation Research Record pp 1440

  • Head KH (1986) Manual of soil laboratory testing, vol 3. Effective Stress Tests, ELE international limited

  • Ingles OG, Metcalf JB (1972) Soil stabilization, Butter Worth’s Pty. Ltd, Australia

  • Lade PV, Overton DD (1989) Cementation effects in frictional materials. J Geotech Eng Div ASCE 104(12):1449–1465

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambe TW (1960) A mechanistic picture of shear strength of clay. In: Proceedings of soil shear strength conference, pp 555–580

  • Leroueil S, Vaughan PR (1990) The general and congruent effects of structure in natural soils and weak rocks. Géotechnique 40(3):467–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo SCR, Lade PV, Wardani SPR (2003) An experimental study of the mechanics of two weakly cemented soils. Geotech Test J 26(3):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Mántaras FM, Schnaid F (2002) Cylindrical cavity expansion in dilatant cohesive-frictional materials. Geotechnique 52(5):337–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers JF, Pichumani R, Kapples BS (1976) Fly ash: a highway construction material. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Washington DC, 1976, Report Nr FHWA-IP-76-16

  • Roscoe KH, Schofield AN (1963) Mechanical behavior of an idealized ‘wet’ clay. In: 2nd European conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering (ECSMFE), vol 1, pp 47–54

  • Rowe PW (1962) The stress-dilatancy relation for static equilibrium of an assembly of particles in contact. In: Proceedings of series A, 269, Royal Society, London, pp 500–527

  • Ruff CG, Ho C (1966) Time-temperature strength reaction product relationships in lime-betonies-water mixtures. Highway Research No. 139, Highway Research Board, pp 42–60

  • Saitoh S, Suzuki Y, Shirai K (1985) Hardening of soil improved by the deep mixing method. In: Proceedings of 11th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol 3, pp 1745–1748

  • Saxena SK, Reddy KR, Avramidis AS (1988) Static behavior of artificially cemented sand. Indian Geotech J 18(2):111–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirazi H (1999) Field and laboratory evaluation of the use of lime fly ash to replace soil cement as a base course. Trans Res Rec 1652(1):270–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner A (1969) A note on the influence of interparticle friction on the shearing strength of a random assembly of spherical particles. Geotechnique 19(1):150–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor HFW (1997) Cement chemistry. Thomas Telford, London

  • Temiz H, Karakeci AY (2002) An investigation on microstructure of cement paste containing fly ash and silica fume. Cement Concrete Res 32:1131–1132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton C (2000) Numerical simulations of deviator shear deformation of granular media. Geotechnique 50(1):43–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TRB (1987) Lime stabilization, reactions, properties, design, and construction. State of the Art Report 5, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC

  • Wang YH, Leung SC (2008a) Characterization of cemented sand by experimental and numerical investigations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng © ASCE/JULY 2008

  • Wang YH, Leung SC (2008b) A particulate scale investigation of cemented sand behavior. Can Geotech J 45(1):29–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wissa AEZ, Ladd CC, Lambe TW (1965) Effective stress strength parameters of stabilized soils. In: Conference of soil mechanics, international society of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, vol 1, pp 412–416

  • Zelic J, Radovanovic I, Jozic D (2007) The effect of silica fume additions on the durability of Portland cement mortars exposed to magnesium sulfate attack. Mater Technol 41(2):91–94

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Power and Water University of Technology (PWUT), P.O. 16765-1719, Tehran, Iran

    A. M. Ajorloo

  2. Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement Lille Nord de France LGCgE (EA 4515), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France

    H. Mroueh & L. Lancelot

Authors
  1. A. M. Ajorloo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Mroueh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Lancelot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to A. M. Ajorloo or H. Mroueh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ajorloo, A.M., Mroueh, H. & Lancelot, L. Experimental Investigation of Cement Treated Sand Behavior Under Triaxial Test. Geotech Geol Eng 30, 129–143 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9455-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9455-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation