Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are critical to pasture productivity; however, limited information is available on how the single and combined additions of N and P affect soil P fractions and seasonal changes in microbial and biochemical processes linked to P cycling under pasture systems. A two-year field trial was conducted where N (0 or 250 kg ha−1 yr−1) and P (0 or 50 kg ha−1 yr−1) were applied in a full factorial design to an intensively managed grass-pasture system. Changes in plant growth and nutrient uptake, soil microbial biomass P, soil phosphatase activities, and soil inorganic and organic P fractions were assessed by regular sampling. Phosphorus addition increased Olsen P and shoot P uptake but not shoot biomass compared to the control. In contrast, N addition decreased Olsen P by 23% but increased both shoot biomass and P uptake by 1.6-fold, compared to the control. Microbial biomass P was irresponsive to N and P additions. Phosphatase enzyme activity significantly increased in summer under N addition, which was linked to labile organic P mineralization. After two growing seasons, N addition alone significantly decreased readily-available inorganic P, labile inorganic P, moderately labile inorganic P, and labile organic P by 75, 19, 7, and 28%, respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, combined N and P addition significantly decreased readily-available inorganic P, labile inorganic P, and labile organic P by 39, 26, and 28%, respectively, but had no impact on moderately labile inorganic P compared to P addition alone. The findings of this study revealed that short-term N fertilization to N-limited grass-pastures can accelerate P cycling by mobilizing labile inorganic and organic P as well as moderately labile inorganic P pools. However, N fertilization combined with P applications exceeding plant requirements cannot mobilize moderately labile inorganic P, which accumulates under high P sorbing soils.
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taken from 0–75 mm horizon under Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) between October 2018 and July 2020. Values are means of 5 replicates, and bars represent standard deviations
taken from 0–75 mm horizon under Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) between October 2018 and July 2020. Values are means of 5 replicates, and bars represent standard deviations
taken from 0–75 mm horizon under Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) between October 2018 and July 2020. Values are means of 5 replicates, and bars represent standard deviations
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank David Jack from the Lincoln University Field Research Centre for providing help during the trial, including fencing, irrigation, and mowing. We also express our gratitude to Dr. Ants Roberts from Ravensdown Limited for reviewing a previous draft of the manuscript.
Funding
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University of Benguerir and the Office Cherifien des Phosphates (OCP) provided funding for this study. R.W.M was financially supported by the Our Land and Water National Science Challenge (contract C10X1507 from the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment).
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DT, LMC, and RWM contributed to the study conception and design. DT carried out the experiment. DT and MB collected soil and plant samples and carried out laboratory analyses. DT analyzed the data, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Touhami, D., McDowell, R.W., Condron, L.M. et al. Nitrogen fertilization effects on soil phosphorus dynamics under a grass-pasture system. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 124, 227–246 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10191-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10191-0