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Biological nitrogen fixation in tropical dry forests with different legume diversity and abundance

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Abstract

Tropical dry forests have high diversity and plant abundance of potentially biologically nitrogen fixing (BNF) legume species, attributed to the ecological advantage of fixation. However, there are few estimates of N quantities annually fixed, hindering the understanding of factors that control BNF, like low phosphorus availability. The quantities of N fixed in three dry forest (caatinga) fragments of the semiarid Brazilian northeastern region with different legume plant proportions were determined and seedlings of Mimosa tenuiflora were grown with phosphorous fertilized soil from the fragments to verify if lack of fixation was due to the absence of rhizobia populations or P deficiency. The vegetation of all areas was dominated by legume plants, mainly potentially nodulating ones, despite the relatively high soil N availability. M. tenuiflora was the most abundant nodulating legume in all fragments, with annual leaf productions from 800 to 1400 kg ha−1. BNF amounts were low (1.4, 18 and 3.6 kg ha−1 year−1 in the mature caatinga of Petrolina and in the mature and regenerating caatingas of São João, respectively) considering the high proportions of potentially nodulating plants (33, 61 and 82% of total plant basal area), because 80, 10 and 70% of these plants were not fixing and those fixing had only 20–46% of their N derived from the atmosphere. Since the pot grown seedlings nodulated abundantly, the low BNF could not be explained by absence of microsymbionts but likely to low symbiosis efficiency due to relatively high N and low P availability.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; Projeto Universal 2012, Processo 472997/2012-2) for the financial support. They also like to thank the technical support from Dr. Plínio B. Camargo and Edmar Mazzi (CENA/USP) and Dr. Segundo Urquiaga (Embrapa Agrobiologia).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil

    Aleksandro Ferreira da Silva, Ana Dolores Santiago de Freitas, Tânia Lúcia Costa & Carolina Etienne de Rosália e Silva Santos

  2. Embrapa Semiárido, BR 428, Km 152, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil

    Paulo Ivan Fernandes-Júnior

  3. Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Avenida Edgard Chastinet, s/n, Juazeiro, BA, 48900-000, Brazil

    Lindete Míria Vieira Martins & Kelly Alexsandra Souza Menezes

  4. Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Luís Freire, 1000, Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil

    Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio

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  1. Aleksandro Ferreira da Silva
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da Silva, A.F., de Freitas, A.D.S., Costa, T.L. et al. Biological nitrogen fixation in tropical dry forests with different legume diversity and abundance. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 107, 321–334 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-017-9834-1

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