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Manure, biogas digestate and crop residue management affects methane gas emissions from rice paddy fields on Vietnamese smallholder livestock farms

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems volume 103, pages 329–346 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (CH4 and N2O) emissions from rice paddy fields amended by differently treated manure and crop residue inputs [fresh manure (FM), composted manure (CM), liquid biogas digestate from manure (D), D mixed with biochar (D + B) or D mixed with rice straw and composted before application (CD + RS)], were compared in a field experiment, also including two mineral nitrogen fertiliser controls (N1, N2). The trial was performed on a degraded soil in Bac Giang Province in northern Vietnam with a three-crop per year rotation (summer rice–maize–spring rice). CH4 and N2O fluxes from the two rice crops were measured using static chambers. Fluxes of N2O were below or close to the detection limit at nearly all sampling times in both seasons and therefore considered negligible. However, the CH4 emissions were significant and their temporal pattern differed markedly between the rice seasons. In the summer rice season, the D + B + N1 and D + N1 treatments had significantly lower cumulative CH4 emissions (156 and 162 kg CH4 ha−1 crop−1) than CM + N1, CD + RS + N1 and FM + N1 treatments (217, 283 and 288 kg CH4 ha−1 crop−1, respectively). In the spring rice season, CH4 emissions were generally much lower, and the D + B + N1 and D + N1 treatments emitted significantly less CH4 (44 and 72 kg CH4 ha−1 crop−1) in comparison with treatments amended with FM + N1, CD + RS + N1 and CM + N1 (89, 124 and 137 kg CH4 ha−1 crop−1, respectively). Treatments amended with D + B + N1 or D + N1 therefore had the lowest emissions of methane per unit of rice grain yield.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Council for Development Research (RUF)—Danish Ministry of Foreign Affair via the SUSANE II-research project (Optimizing environmentally friendly biogas production from livestock manure for the reduction of green house gas emissions: A research capacity building project—Vietnam, file no. 09-076SDU)). The study was also partially funded by Climate, Food and Farming Research Network (CLIFF) of University of Copenhagen, Denmark, under the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). We thank Mrs Tran Thi Thu Trang, Mrs Cao Thi Hai and Mrs Nguyen Thi Ha in the Midland Centre of Soils and Fertilizers Research (Hiep Hoa, Bac Giang) for in-kind support to the field work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Institute for Agricultural Environment, Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Science, South Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Quynh Duong Vu

  2. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Science, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Toan Duc Tran, Quan Quang Hoang & Tien Minh Tran

  3. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Quynh Duong Vu, Andreas de Neergaard, Proyuth Ly & Lars Stoumann Jensen

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  1. Quynh Duong Vu
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  2. Andreas de Neergaard
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Correspondence to Lars Stoumann Jensen.

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Vu, Q.D., de Neergaard, A., Tran, T.D. et al. Manure, biogas digestate and crop residue management affects methane gas emissions from rice paddy fields on Vietnamese smallholder livestock farms. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 103, 329–346 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9746-x

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Keywords

  • Methane
  • Rice paddies
  • Biogas digestate
  • Manure
  • Compost
  • Straw
  • Biochar