Abstract
This paper refers to a subjective approach to Ecosystems, referred to as Impure Systems to capture a set of fundamental properties. There are four main phenomenological components: directionality, intensity, connection energy and volume. A fundamental question in this approach to Impure Systems is the intensity or forces of a relation. Concepts as the system volume, and propose a system thermodynamic theory based in the Law of Zipf and the temperature of information are introduced. It hints at the possibility of adapting the fractal theory by introducing the fractal dimension of the system.
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Notes
Methane production can be described as a dissipative process of entropy when a highly organized organic structure is decomposed to basic simple compounds.
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This work has been funded by the Conselleria de Educación, Investigación, Cultura y Deporte of the Community of Valencia, Spain, within the programme of support for research under project (GV/2018/061).
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Appendix
Appendix
1.1 The Mariola Model
a. State variables | |
---|---|
Y | Description (unit) |
BL | Woody biomass (g) |
BV | Green biomass (g) |
MOTS | Total organic soil material (%) |
NRO | Organic material of animal origin on the ground (g) |
RBL | Litter of woody biomass on the ground (g) |
RBV | Litter of green biomass on the ground (g) |
b. Flow variables | |
---|---|
X | Description (unit) |
ARRS | Rate of loss of the organic soil material through dragging and washing (%) |
CRBL | Rate of production by growth of the woody biomass (g) |
CRBV | Rate of production by growth of the green biomass (g) |
DBLAR | Rate of destruction of the woody biomass through the action of arthropods (g) |
DBLPL | Rate of destruction of the woody biomass through the action of phytoplagues (g) |
DBVFS | Rate of destruction of the green biomass through the action of mammals (g) |
DBVI | Rate of destruction of the green biomass through the action of insects (g) |
DBVPL | Rate of destruction of the green biomass through the action of phytoplasgues (g) |
DCBL | Rate of catastrophic destruction of the woody biomass (g) |
DCBV | Rate of catastrophic destruction of the green biomass (g) |
DF | Rate of defoliation (g) |
DMOTS | Rate of decomposition of the total organic soil material (%) |
DRBL | Rate of decomposition of the litter of the woody biomass on the soil (g) |
DRBV | Rate of decomposition of the litter of the green biomass on the soil (g) |
DRO | Rate of decomposition of the detritus of an animal narure (g) |
MOFD | Rate of finely divided organic material (%) |
PMOTS | Rate of production of organic soil material (humus) (%) |
PRO2 | Rate of production of organic detritus of animal origin (g) |
VMN | Rate of destruction of the woody biomass (g) |
c. Exogenous variables [semes of first level] | |
---|---|
e | Description (unit) |
H | Environmental humidity (%) |
IFAP | Maximum intensity of precipitation (max.l/h) |
PLU | Precipitation (l) |
POBHV | Population of mammals (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (number of individuals) |
T | Environmental temperature (°C) |
VEVI | Wind speed (km/h max) |
d. Auxiliary variables and parameters | |
---|---|
a | Description (unit) |
BT | Total biomass (g) |
CRO2 | Parameter of residual production of the rodents (g) |
PORDT | The herbivore diet (%) |
1.1.1 State Equations
Flow and auxiliary equations for MARIOLA (Cistus albidus) [SEMEMES] |
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CRBV = BT(0.0011T + 0.0028 H − 0.0271) + 0.012 PLU − 0.1436 |
CRBL = 0.6773 BT − 0.0079 BT H + 0.0004 BT PLU − 3.1864 |
BT = BV + BL |
DF = 1.2382BV 2 − 0.0025BV − 0.0063BV T − 0.0081 BV H + 17.47630/PLU) − 0.9696 |
DBVFS = 0.000428BV 2 + 0.087560BVPOBHV − 0.184747 |
DCBV = 0.0020 BV IFAP + 0.0007 BV VEVI + 0.0007 exp(0.1 IFAP) + 0.0020 |
DBVPL =− 0.00064BV 2 + 0.0066BV T − 0.3142cos H − 1.0665 |
VMN = 0.0187 BL + 0.0001 BL PLU − 0.5732 |
DCBL = 0.7023 cos BL + 0.0005 BLIFAP + 0.0003 BL VEVI − 0.4707 |
DBLPL = 0.0022BL T + 259.9959exp(− 0.1 BL) − 1.4981cosBL − 3.59 |
CR02 = 1900 |
PORDT = 2.8949log(DBVFS) − 5.0052 |
PR02 = POBHV CR02 × (PORDT/100) |
DRBV = 0.0007 T 2 − 0.0041T RBV + 0.0021 H RBV + 0.00002exp(0.1 H) − 0.3774 |
DRBL = − 0 .0030 T 2 + 0.0005 TH + 0.121 exp(0.1T) + 0.0170cos H − 0.3125 |
DRO = 0.0538NRO T − 0.0016 T 2 + 1.1457cosNRO − 0.8088 |
PMOTS = (0.0045T 2 − 0.0013 TH − 0.1623 T DBL + 0.3111T DBV + 0.5191 cos T + 1.1102DRO + 1.0542)/100 |
MOFD = (− 0.0287 T 2 + 0.0058 TH + 1.0304exp(0.1T)− 0.0002exp(0.1 H)− 2.3152)/100 |
DMOTS = [MOTS(− 0.0509 MOTS + 0.0133 T + 0.0012 H + 0.0014 PLU) + 0.0018 T 2 − 0.0509)/100 |
ARRS = (− 0.0065 T 2 + 0.0024 |
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Nescolarde-Selva, JA., Usó-Doménech, JL. & Lloret-Climent, M. Impure Systems and Ecological Models (II): Components and Thermodynamics. Found Sci 24, 427–455 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-018-9575-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-018-9575-x