Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed with three diets containing 6%, 12%, and 18% wheat starch for 70 days to examine their impacts on growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolisms, and liver and intestinal health. The results suggested that the 18% starch group inhibited the growth, and improved the hepatic glycogen content compared with the 6% and 12% starch groups (P < 0.05). High starch significantly improved the activities of glycolysis-related enzymes, hexokinase (HK), glucokinase (GK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) (P < 0.05); promoted the mRNA expression of glycolysis-related phosphofructokinase (pfk); decreased the activities of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK); and reduced the mRNA expression of gluconeogenesis-related fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1(fbp1) (P < 0.05). High starch reduced the hepatic mRNA expressions of bile acid metabolism–related cholesterol hydroxylase (cyp7a1) and small heterodimer partner (shp) (P < 0.05), increased the activity of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P < 0.05), and reduced the hepatic mRNA expressions of lipid metabolism–related peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (ppar-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (cpt-1α) (P < 0.05). High starch promoted inflammation; significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1), interleukin-10 (il-10), and interleukin-11β (il-11β); and increased the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and interleukin-8 (il-8) in the liver and intestinal tract (P < 0.05). Additionally, high starch negatively influenced the intestinal microbiota, with the reduced relative abundance of Trichotes and Actinobacteria and the increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In conclusion, low dietary wheat starch level (6%) was more profitable to the growth and health of M. salmoides, while high dietary starch level (12% and 18%) could regulate the glucose and lipid metabolisms, impair the liver and intestinal health, and thus decrease the growth performance of M. salmoides.
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The information that uphold the findings of this experiment are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This experiment was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072990), the Fujian Province agricultural guidance (key) project (2023N0012), Xiamen Marine and Fisheries Development Fund (19CZP018HJ04), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2021J05157), and Science and Technology Major/Special Project of Fujian Province (2021NZ029022).
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Bi-Yun Zhang: investigation, original draft; Hong-Ling Yang: investigation, writing; Qing-Jie Nie: data analysis, original draft; Yu Zhang: investigation, data analysis, writing; Guo-He Cai: methodology, review and editing; Yun-Zhang Sun: supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, review and editing.
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Experimental design and procedures in this study were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jimei University, Xiamen, China (Approval number: 2011-58).
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Zhang, BY., Yang, HL., Nie, QJ. et al. High dietary wheat starch negatively regulated growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolisms, liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 635–651 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01295-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01295-1