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Dietary zinc levels affect growth, appetite, and lipid metabolism of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)

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Abstract

An 84-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Zn (zinc) on growth performance, food intake, and lipid metabolism of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with differential Zn contents (67, 100, 149, 230, and 410 mg/kg) were fed to 270 fish (35.47 ± 0.49 g). Results showed that fish growth and food intake increased markedly with the dietary 149 mg/kg Zn levels. Meanwhile, the food intake of 149 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups after feeding for 8 weeks (P < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of center appetite regulation factors in the hypothalamus was significantly regulated, and 149 mg/kg significantly increased mRNA expression of npy (neuropeptide Y) and decreased pomc (anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin) and cart (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) gene expression. Meanwhile, the expressions of the main genes (such as leptin A and ghrelin) involved in peripheral appetite regulation factors were significantly up-regulated firstly and then reduced with the dietary Zn level increased, whereas the expression of cck (cholecystokinin) was significantly up-regulated. Serum AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase) activities in fish fed the diets containing 230 and 410 mg/kg were significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The lipid content of liver in 67 and 100 mg/kg groups was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary Zn significantly elevated the serum TG (triglyceride) and TCHO (total cholesterol) content levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed a high Zn diet (149, 230, and 410 mg/kg) dramatically down-regulated expression of srebp1 (sterol regulatory element binding proteins1c) and fas (fatty acid synthetase), but up-regulated expression of pparα (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α) and cpt1 (carnitine palmitoyl transferase I) in the liver. The optimal dietary Zn inclusion level ranged from 146.69 to 152.86 mg/kg diet, based on two-slope broken-line regression analysis of WGR (weight gain rate) and FCR (feed conversion rate) for Chinese perch.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Key Research and Development Project of Hubei Province (2020BBA035).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China

    Di Peng, Linwei Yang, Xu-Fang Liang & Farui Chai

  2. Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Di Peng, Linwei Yang, Xu-Fang Liang & Farui Chai

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  1. Di Peng
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  2. Linwei Yang
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  3. Xu-Fang Liang
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Contributions

Di Peng and Xu-Fang Liang initiated the research ideas and designed the experiments. Di Peng, Farui Chai, and Linwei Yang performed the experiments. Di Peng drafted the manuscript. Xu-Fang Liang revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xu-Fang Liang.

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All trial procedures in this study were approved by Huazhong Agricultural University and complied with the guidelines for experimental animals (Ethical code: HZAUFI-2020–0004).

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Peng, D., Yang, L., Liang, XF. et al. Dietary zinc levels affect growth, appetite, and lipid metabolism of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 1017–1030 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01238-w

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