Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the splenic tissue damage of environmental biological drug avermectin to freshwater cultured carp and to evaluate the effect of silybin on the splenic tissue damage of carp induced by avermectin. A total of 60 carp were divided into 4 groups with 15 carp in each group, including the control group fed with basic diet, experimental group fed with basal diet and exposed to avermectin (avermectin group), experimental group fed with basal diet supplement silybin (silybin group), and experimental group fed with basal diet supplement silybin and exposed to avermectin (silybin + avermectin group). The whole test period lasted for 30 days, and spleen tissue was collected for analysis. In this study, H&E staining, mitochondrial purification and membrane potential detection, ATP detection, DHE staining, biochemical tests, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis staining were used to evaluate the biological processes of spleen tissue injury, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The results show that silybin protected carp splenic tissue damage caused by chronic avermectin exposure, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP content, ROS accumulation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Silybin may ameliorate the splenic tissue damage of cultured freshwater carp caused by environmental biopesticide avermectin by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting PERK-ATF4-CHOP-driven mitochondrial apoptosis. Adding silybin into the diet becomes a feasible strategy to resist the pollution of avermectin and provides a theoretical basis for creating a good living environment for freshwater carp.
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Funding
This research was supported by the Basic Science (Natural Science) Research Project of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province (No. 21KJB230001), the Open-end Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment (No. SH20221203), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China for financial support.
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En-Zhuang Pan: data curation, formal analysis, methodology, writing—original draft. Yue Xin: data curation, formal analysis, project administration, investigation, validation. Xue-Qing Li: investigation, methodology, software, supervision, writing—review and editing. Xin-Yu Wu: formal analysis, methodology, supervision. Xue-Lian Tan: data curation, validation. Jing-Quan Dong: conceptualization, project administration, funding acquisition, validation, writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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All experimental procedures involving carp in vivo are approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Ocean University with the approval number: 2019122240.
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Pan, EZ., Xin, Y., Li, XQ. et al. Ameliorative effects of silybin against avermectin-triggered carp spleen mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through inhibition of PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 895–910 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01228-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01228-y