Abstract
Color vision is mediated by the expression of different major visual pigment proteins (opsins) on retinal photoreceptors. Vertebrates have four classes of cone opsins that are most sensitive to different wavelengths of light: short wavelength sensitive 1 (SWS1), short wavelength sensitive 2 (SWS2), medium wavelength sensitive (RH2), and long wavelength sensitive (LWS). UV wavelengths play important roles in foraging and communication. However, direct evidence provide links between sws1 and first feeding is lacking. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was performed to generate mutant zebrafish lines with sws1 deletion. sws1 mutant zebrafish larvae exhibited decreased sws1, rh2-2, and lws1 expression, and increased rod gene (rho and gnat1) expression. Furthermore, the sws1-deficient larvae exhibited significantly reduced food intake, and the orexigenic genes npy and agrp signaling were upregulated at 6 days postfertilization (dpf). The transcription expression of sws1 and rh2-3 genes decreased in sws1−/− adults compared to wild type. Surprisingly, the results of feeding at the adult stage were not the same with larvae. sws1 deficiency did not affect food intake and appetite gene expression at adult stages. These results reveal a role for sws1 in normal cone development and first feeding in larval zebrafish.
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This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0900400), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32202903 and 31972809).
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Xu-Fang Liang and Ke Lu conceived and designed the experiments and wrote the paper; Ke Lu and Shulin Tang performed the experiments; Ke Lu and Jiaqi Wu analyzed the data; Ke Lu, Jiaqi Wu, Lixin Zhang, Yuye Wang, and Farui Chai fed fish and sampled.
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Lu, K., Liang, XF., Tang, SL. et al. Role of short-wave-sensitive 1 (sws1) in cone development and first feeding in larval zebrafish. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 801–813 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01213-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01213-5